Any project like Newater, which is the brand name given to reclaimed water produced by Singapore's Public Utilities Board. , it is treated wastewater that has been purified using microfiltration, reverse osmosis and ultraviolet technologies, in addition to conventional water treatment processes.
For direct potable water reuse from treated wastewater of WWTP, I think it might be very hard to find cases for now in the world due to social and public acceptance. However, indirect use of potable water can be imagined through discharging treated effluent into groundwater/river and then groundwater abstraction (or river downstream) for potable usages.
Thanks Kourosh,
Now the question is that weather or not they have been planned for indirect potable water reuse...
There is an increasing amount of interest and activity in this field, which has been being developed for well over 10 years. For example here is a review study from 2005... as well as a 2015 industrial magazine article.
The 2010 ACWUA (UN) report is attached. This includes results and statistics on water re-use from Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Syria, Yemen.
The 2011 World Bank report on Water Reuse (also attached) includes several case studies divided by sectors: Infrastructure investments; agriculture; sustainable cost recovery models and national strategies for water reuse.
I hope this helps to begin with?
http://www.waterworld.com/articles/wwi/print/volume-25/issue-1/regional-spotlight/middle-east-africa/middle-east-gears-up-for-water-reuse-technologies.html
Data Towards Sustainable Wastewater Reuse in the Middle East and ...
Seyed
Here in Flanders/ Belgium we perform indirect water-reuse since July 2002. At the Torreele plant we treat wastewater effluent using UF/RO prior to dune infiltration at the St-André site. Direct reuse is no longer impossible since we have a good record and many other similar projects prove that the process is reliable. Off course an extra safety barrier should be implemented, in our case to replace dune passage. In the States they are slowly implementing direct reuse in some places. Together with the University of Ghent we had a research project in Qatar. We would test if water reuse could be implemented for injection as a salt water intrusion barrier but unfortunately we did not get the necessay permits and we had to cancel the project. But I think there are huge opportunities and it is desperately needed as many aquifers are already affected by saline water due too overpumping.
Emmanuel
Seyed
Here in Flanders/ Belgium we perform indirect water-reuse since July 2002. At the Torreele plant we treat wastewater effluent using UF/RO prior to dune infiltration at the St-André site. Direct reuse is no longer impossible since we have a good record and many other similar projects prove that the process is reliable. Off course an extra safety barrier should be implemented, in our case to replace dune passage. In the States they are slowly implementing direct reuse in some places. Together with the University of Ghent we had a research project in Qatar. We would test if water reuse could be implemented for injection as a salt water intrusion barrier but unfortunately we did not get the necessay permits and we had to cancel the project. But I think there are huge opportunities and it is desperately needed as many aquifers are already affected by saline water due too overpumping.
Emmanuel
Hi Emmanuel, Good to hear from you. Yes, you remember I visited IWVA and the WT plant in November 2012, thanks to you :)
Oh that is a pity that you had to cancel the project in Qatar; it sounds very interesting.
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