you can deploy Copilot

### **Deep Treatment of Resin Interactions with Dicarboxylic Acids**

#### **1. Polyamidoamine Resins and Dicarboxylic Acids**

Polyamidoamine resins are widely used as **curing agents** for epoxy resins, particularly in coatings and adhesives. Their interaction with **aromatic mono- and dicarboxylic acids**, such as **terephthalic acid**, is influenced by their **amine-functional groups**, which can form **hydrogen bonds** and **electrostatic interactions** with carboxyl groups.

- **Composition:** These resins typically contain **fatty monocarboxylic acids, aromatic mono- and dicarboxylic acids, and polyethyleneamines**.

- **Binding Mechanism:** The **ratio of monocarboxylic acids to aromatic dicarboxylic acids** affects adsorption efficiency, with **higher dicarboxylic acid content** improving selective binding.

- **Applications:** Used in **epoxy coatings**, **adhesives**, and **composite materials**, where their ability to interact with dicarboxylic acids enhances **crosslinking** and **mechanical strength**.

#### **2. Dual-Curing Epoxy Resins and Dicarboxylic Acids**

Dual-curing epoxy resins undergo **two-stage curing**, allowing for **enhanced flexibility and durability**. Their interaction with **dicarboxylic acids** is particularly useful in **high-performance coatings** and **structural adhesives**.

- **Curing Process:** These resins use **polyamidoamines** as curing agents, which react with **epoxy groups** and **dicarboxylic acids** to form a **highly crosslinked network**.

- **Impact on Material Properties:** The presence of **dicarboxylic acids** improves **thermal stability**, **chemical resistance**, and **mechanical strength**.

- **Industrial Use:** Commonly applied in **protective coatings**, **electronic encapsulation**, and **structural composites**.

#### **3. Polyester Resins Derived from Terephthalic Acid**

Polyester resins synthesized from **terephthalic acid** exhibit **selective binding properties**, making them useful in **adsorptive separation** and **polymer synthesis**.

- **Chemical Structure:** These resins contain **ester linkages**, which interact with **dicarboxylic acids** through **hydrogen bonding** and **dipole interactions**.

- **Selective Adsorption:** Their ability to **preferentially adsorb dicarboxylic acids** makes them valuable in **chemical purification** and **polymer modification**.

- **Applications:** Used in **fiber-reinforced composites**, **adhesives**, and **membrane technologies**.

Here are some **specific resins** used for **dicarboxylic acid interactions** along with their manufacturers:

### **1. Polyamidoamine Resins**

- **Manufacturer:** **Huntsman Corporation**

- **Product:** **Jeffamine® Polyetheramines**

- **Application:** Used in **epoxy curing**, **adhesives**, and **coatings** with strong interactions with **dicarboxylic acids**.

### **2. Dual-Curing Epoxy Resins**

- **Manufacturer:** **Dow Chemical Company**

- **Product:** **D.E.R.™ Epoxy Resins**

- **Application:** Applied in **high-performance coatings**, **structural adhesives**, and **composites**, reacting effectively with **dicarboxylic acids**.

### **3. Polyester Resins Derived from Terephthalic Acid**

- **Manufacturer:** **BASF**

- **Product:** **Ultradur® PBT**

- **Application:** Used in **fiber-reinforced composites**, **membranes**, and **adsorptive separation**.

### **4. Epoxidized Soybean Oil (ESO) Resins**

- **Manufacturer:** **Arkema**

- **Product:** **Vikoflex® Epoxidized Oils**

- **Application:** Biobased resin interacting with **dicarboxylic acids** for **sustainable polymer synthesis**.

https://patents.google.com/patent/US6258920B1/en

Article Dual curing of an epoxy resin with dicarboxylic acids

https://patents.google.com/patent/US6414085B1/en

https://patents.google.com/patent/US5017675A/en

https://patents.google.com/patent/US3564074A/en

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2025/ta/d4ta05417b

Article Effect of Dicarboxylic Acids’ Aliphatic Chain on the Curing ...

Good luck