Vedamani, check out the clearinghouse we've created at Georgetown University on local climate initiatives. The theme is adaptation, but many of the initiatives are both adaptive, and they mitigate GHG emissions. Of particular interest for local development are: transportation and water. Go to: http://www.georgetownclimate.org/adaptation/clearinghouse
Vedamani, please read Ramachandra Guha's "The Unquiet Woods" and "Savaging the Civilized". You will get some interesting insights.
Your question actually seeks indigenous techniques through which communities have lived in harmony with nature. There are, as suggested above by others, many papers and studies. I would suggest that you take a specific region of the world or India and then start your search. You will get plentiful sources.