I have found a difference between White and Black children in grade 4 when comparing national and school final grades in multi-ethnic urban schools: White and Black children scored the same grades in the national exams, while White children scored 1,3 points higher than Black children in the final school grades.
These results seem to suggest that national exams can be useful to detect possible racial bias at the school level, a well known fact in western societies, but not currently underlined at the primary school level. I want to check whether similar or different results have been found in similar multi-ethnic urban contexts.