This is a rather broad question that can, depending on the respondent, yield a series of dfferent answers. First, recognize that since the end of the 1700s the drive to garner accurate data on epidemic disease was the task of and a motive force behind the growth local and regional health boards. I cover parts of this in my Univ. of Chicago Pres book, Disease Maps: Epidemics on the ground. Other elemeents are in my Cartographies of Disease, New Expanded editiion.

Today we are in the midst of the data revolution's application to epidemic and pandemic events. The specific of disease incidence are increasingly gather by automatic data collection systems like healthmap.org that capture and locate incidence reports by data, lat/long/ number of cases, time, and source. The current plethora of public and professional articles on the advance of COVID-19 at varying scales and specific resolutions re at the heart of public police debates on both the extent of th microbial event and in some cases the precise loca factors that impede or promote microbial advances.Simply, information technology is the entine driving public health policies in modern jurisdictions and by global health agencies.

In healthcare administration it said if you can measure so you can manage.

Statistics has 4 main steps

Data collection methods

Data presentation

Data analysis and interpretation

Decision making

Also process performance is being done by lean six sigma methodology that based on data.

Telemedicine, treatment procedure through robot, delivery of latest information regarding healthcare like availability of bed, availability of particular procedure through website , social media etc.

I have passed the following course that was very interesting from coursera (educational site)

https://www.coursera.org/programs/aswan-college-of-education-street-on-coursera-y1hle?collectionId=¤tTab=MY_COURSES&productId=Z1XEYB-eEeulXwp2iaqDJw&productType=course&showMiniModal=true