There are a lot of different ways to tune PID controllers. Some primitive approaches are listed in http://www.csimn.com/CSI_pages/PIDforDummies.html and more intelligent ways are using optimization approaches that are not always necessary but work most of the times. For example you can read the following paper on this approach in the attached paper.
Hope it helps,
Afshin
Article Evolutionary algorithms based parameters tuning of PID controller
There a lots of rules and formulas available. O'Dwyer has papers providing extensive list of these rules and formulas, One is attached here for your reference. Hope it's useful.