Thanks for your question. We are able to take into consideration various types of adversity, e.g. parental death, mental health problems, alcohol/drug misuse, poverty, and single parenthood.

Jan Piet, I checked your article. It is an important issue. It might be untrue for immigrants and refugees. Caregivers in de extended family are mostly of a generation older that the parents. It might be important to distinguish between types of caregivers. I checked this in Dutch society for Moroccan, Turkish, Suriname, Caribbean families but also for Indian, Pakistani and families from Arab countries. These variable might be seen as co-variates.