Resistance genes have been identified, bred, and deployed in agriculture without detailed knowledge of the effectors they are sensing – a ‘blind’ approach. Need to exploit state of the art findings on pest effector biology to drive the development of new approaches to breeding pest resistant crops including rice. Now we can use mutations in plant resistance and effector target genes can result in broad-spectrum resistance to gall midge. This findings stimualtes us to invent more effector of other threating pest and use to resistance breeding approach.