Dear All,
I am using CDP. My understanding is that mainly in solid elements (concrete), you can model reinforcement as truss elements (preferably) embedded in concrete. To account for dowel action and bond due to longitudinal reinforcement, some sort of tension stiffening can be introduced to uniaxial tensile stress-strain relationship of concrete. However, when it comes to stirrups how do you generally define their effects due to both shear and confinement? I am almost certain that embeddment of stirrups in concrete only does not show neither of these effects as I have carried out some trial modelling (Stirrups addition had marginal to no effect on my RC load carrying capacity when in real experiments that affect was upgraded by around 30%).
Thanks in advance
This link may help you
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abdelrahman_Mabrouk2/post/ABAQUS_Concrete_Damage_Plasticity_parameters/attachment/59d6314179197b807798f0ab/AS%3A365173014581249%401464075439654/download/Birtel.pdf
This link may help you
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abdelrahman_Mabrouk2/post/ABAQUS_Concrete_Damage_Plasticity_parameters/attachment/59d6314179197b807798f0ab/AS%3A365173014581249%401464075439654/download/Birtel.pdf
for shear effects: try to analyze a RC beam without shear reinforcement (stirrups) and see the results. i believe the results (the amount of the applying load will be affected).
for confinement effects: i do not think there will be any confinement effects due to ignoring the effect of axial forces in the analysis of RC beam.
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