How long does it take for the atmosphere to response to the signals of SST, e.g. PDO, El Nino, NAT...?

There are many oscillations in the global sea surface temperature field, e.g. Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), El Nino and South Oscillation (ENSO), North Atlantic Tripple (NAT). I wondering how...

12 January 2016 5,091 9 View