Building soil organic matter on croplands and rangelands sequesters carbon in soils, which helps mitigate the effects of climate change while potentially providing co-benefits for soil health and increased adaptive capacity. Detritus resulting from plant senescence is the major source of soil organic carbon. Plant materials, with cell walls high in cellulose and lignin, are decomposed and the not-respired carbon is retained as humus. Ultimately, increasing soil carbon levels can lead to better plant establishment and growth. While increasing soil carbon is highly desirable, it is also easily lost, so maintaining what you have is important. Climate is a strong driver, affecting accumulations and decomposition of soil organic matter in soils. Organic matter contributes to nutrient retention and turnover, soil structure, moisture retention and availability, degradation of pollutants, and carbon sequestration. There is a direct relationship between soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content, an increase in soil organic carbon content will be followed by an increase in total nitrogen content. Therefore, soil fertilization lowers nitrogen gas emission as seen with the high abundance of nitrogen assimilation genes or microbial anabolic genes, but increases carbon dioxide evolution in the agricultural soil by promoting the abundance of catabolic genes involve in carbon cycling.

plant residue or the remains of previous crops that are preserved in soil in conservation agricultural are the main source of organic matter and nitrogen and carbon particular which effect plant growth positively .nitrogen fertilizer contributes of nutrients and adequate moisture which is reflect in plant growth

Manures improve holding capacity while mineral fertilization helps in narrowing C: N for microbial activation. Healthy soils are essential carbon sinks, trapping carbon dioxide and keeping it out of the atmosphere, thereby aiding in the battle against climate change. Adding organic matter, such as manure and compost, increases EC by adding cations and anions and improving the water-holding capacity. In some cases, a combination of irrigation and drainage is necessary to lower salt concentration and EC. Labile carbon is the fraction of soil organic carbon with most rapid turnover times and its oxidation drives the flux of CO2 between soils and atmosphere. Labile organic carbon is the portion of soil organic carbon that can be readily decomposed by soil organisms. Farm productivity is closely linked to soil functions that depend on the amount and quality of labile organic carbon, and its turnover rate. Labile soil organic matter pools are influenced by applied farmyard manure and mineral nitrogen in the sub-tropical condition. Manures improve holding capacity while mineral fertilization helps in narrowing C: N for microbial activation. Soil organic carbon in a labile fraction decomposes relatively rapidly (days to years) and is composed of pieces of plant debris, including fresh crop residues and roots that are 0.053–2 mm in size (as particulate organic matter; POM), living organisms and remnants of dead organisms. FOC is the Fraction of Organic Carbon in a soil, which is simply its Total Organic Carbon content expressed as a decimal fraction (e.g. 1.0% TOC = 0.010 FOC) and heated to high temperature (generally ≥ 1000°C) within a resistance or induction furnace in a stream of oxygen to convert all forms of Carbon into CO2.

Manure might also increase carbon in soils as these materials have high carbon content. However, organic matter in manure might also be easily degraded due to its high nitrogen content or its low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. Detritus resulting from plant senescence is the major source of soil organic carbon. Plant materials, with cell walls high in cellulose and lignin, are decomposed and the not-respired carbon is retained as humus. Manures improve holding capacity while mineral fertilization helps in narrowing C: N for microbial activation. Healthy soils are essential carbon sinks, trapping carbon dioxide and keeping it out of the atmosphere, thereby aiding in the battle against climate change. Nitrogen uptake by the plants is the mineralized organic nitrogen during the growing period. It is shown that the initial measured DON fraction is a good indicator of the nitrogen mineralized during plant growth. Approximately 90% of total soil N is composed of soil organic nitrogen N (ON), which plays an important role in N retention and transformation. Cow manure is rich in nutrients and is suitable for plant growth. It has 3% nitrogen, 2% phosphorus, and 1% potassium—3-2-1 NPK, making it the right type of fertilizer for almost all types of plants and crops.One ton contains approximately 12 pounds of nitrogen. About 25% of this is immediately available to the crop. So, if 35 tons of cattle manure were spread over an acre of land, the available rate would be approximately 105 pounds of N for immediate crop use. The application of animal manure potentially enhances the carbon content in the soil and then converts into a net CO2 sink. Carbon sequestration in agriculture as crops photosynthesize to produce their food, they remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and create the oxygen we need to breathe. Through this chemical process, carbon is sequestered in the soil. Farming already captures a significant amount of carbon through crop land, hedgerows and semi-natural habitats which often contain large plants like trees which are more efficient at capturing CO2. Good organic amendments for garden soils include wood by-products such as sawdust and bark mulch, rotted manure, grass or wheat straw and compost. Inorganic amendments include pumice, perlite, vermiculite and sand. Any composted material that has been reduced to humus is a good soil amendment