Most significant source of Na+ and K+ is atmospheric mineral dust. Another potential source of K+ is biomass burning emissions. In urban atmosphere, anthropogenic sources are dominant for Cl.

diffusion may have taken place pus other non-ocean contribution

Most significant source of Na+ and K+ is atmospheric mineral dust. Another potential source of K+ is biomass burning emissions. In urban atmosphere, anthropogenic sources are dominant for Cl.

Mr Sarin is right, with biomass burning you will find too oxalic acid by IC and levoglucosan by HPLC

Plants enrich K, Cl and some Na; animals enrich NaCl, also some K (see physiological NaCl solution). So if there is combustion of biomass, dung and other bio-residues you may expect a signature of these components. What about resuspended road dust containing urin, feces of animals, humans?

You may collect road dust and sieve it down to the lowest mesh you get and analyse for water extractable ions.

The biomass emissions have been extensively investigated by many authors and you should find it on searches, namely combustion at low temperatures/small stoves, or residential combustion. see e.g. Akagi et al., 2011:

Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4039–4072, 2011

www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/4039/2011/

doi:10.5194/acp-11-4039-2011

Thank you all of you for your valuable answers !! Mr. Sarin and Mr. Puxbaum both of you are right but another concern is that can these sources contribute upto 10ug/m3 for Na, 8ug/m3 for Cl and 5ug/m3 for K.

At the outset, you have to believe the analytical technique(s) used for the measurement as well as the analytical data. Are you analysing PM1 or 2.5 or 10? Depending on the total PM concentration (about 100 ug/m3 or more, typically possible over Delhi/NCR region), one can expect elevated levels of Na+, K+ and Cl- during high dust season.  

Na can be a product of oil refineries: it is then in PM1

Cl can be the product of the combustion of refuse plastics. It can be present as fine NH4Cl

Dr. Brink thank you for your valuable answer you are right there are some waste insertion  plants in Delhi.

Dr. Sarin I am analysing PM2.5. Can I say it is a integrated effect of dust, biomass burning and waste insertion and among these dust is the major source ?

Which season PM2.5 is collected in Delhi.  If the samples were collected in early winter and early spring,  it can have contribution from large scale open burning of crop residue burning emissions in Punjab. In such case,  you can have significant concentrations of water soluble K+ and Chloride. See  some relevant papers from Prof. Sarin's group (Rastogi et Al.,  Environmental Pollution,  2013; Rajput et Al.,  AE,  2011; Rajput et Al.,  Tellus B,  2014)

From scientific point of view it's important to measure whether these aerosols are ultrafines (

Robert:

The mentioned elements are also formed from the gas-phase in combustion processes and are thus initially in the UF-range

Harry,

Yes (unfortunately) high temperatures form UFs, however, there are UF metals (non-volatiles) found even at the south pole (albeit at ~100 x lower concentrations). Such UFs quickly coagulate and deposit on surfaces, their sources must be near-by. E.D. Goldberg "Rock volatility and aerosol composition", Nature 260, 1976, 128-129 (cited 54 x on WoS) showed there are too many of some non-volatiles present while no high temperatures are involved. Brimblecombe showed it's impossible, based on classical physics, yet no one tried to address the problem how these could become airborne without high temperatures. Well, it seems to me another unsolved problem.

Robert

The original question was for Delhi populated by over ten million people with associated pollution from combustion of refuse oil and agricultural waste etc

As for the Antarctic: this is new info for me

Goel ; 

You are all right by cheking trajectory of wind, and you have achieved that no contribution from ocean.

But I have found that in Delhi there is "Lake of Surajkund" , have you cheking the effect of lake by trajectory of wind ?

Under one of my publication, I have identified the effect of "Sebkhas" in marin contribution of aerosol composition.

I will attach for you this paper, may be you will need it.

Good Luck 

It is important to bear in mind that there is a vast occurrence of saline soils in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. These soils are rich in Na, Cl and SO4 ions highly soluble in water. These salts are derived from sub-surface waters in the Gangetic Plain.