Hi Attia,

The question is perhaps too broad. By civil violence are you talking about sectarian violence, domestic terrorism, tribal, class, labor, nationalism, social or political movements, violence against women, criminal violence, etc. And by persist, I am not sure that it does. The question has to be situated within a specific country and culture as the reasons will vary from place to place and cannot be imposed from one social setting to another. Can you elaborate a bit more?

Chaos theory provides a hint. THere are bifurcations that occur to completely alter trajectories.

Absolutely Klaus, the Arab Spring is a perfect example.