Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) are the key microorganisms influencing nitrification process. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) dominate the process in acidic soils while ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) dominate the process in alkaline soils.
The available East Asian paddy soils data shows the ammonium concentration and pH ranges from 0.4 to 370 mg/ kg and 5.1 to 8.2 respectively . The meta analysis suggest ammonia oxidizing archaea specific gene sequences are genrally more abundant than those of ammonia oxidizing bacteria in both acidic and alkaline paddy soils, where Nitrosopaera and Nitrosospira amoA clusters mainly dominate the microbial community, respectively. In addition, the contribution of ammonia oxidizers to the nitrification process has been demonstrated using DNA-SIP (DNA based stable isotope probing ) the results of these studies indicate that pH is the most important factor in niche separation of AOA and AOB under a variety of edaphic conditions. For additional information cnsult https://www.pdfs.semanticscholar.org
AOB have low affinity to substrate and they are not able to adapt to oligotrophic environment, and therefore may not grow in low pH environment. Hence, AOB cannot grow and metabolize in an environment with pH less than 6.5
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