The middle photo looks like a gastropod steinkern, is it flat or is there some relief?

This is in thin section, I am not sure.

Ohh, I see. So we are looking at microfossils?

I don't have that much experience in thin sections but I think the middle one might be a gastropod with some micritic infilling, as Jeannie said.

The last one might be a crinoid (single crystal), but I'm not sure about its size. I'm not sure I've ever seen a crinoid ossicle of about 200 µm long.

That first picture is a bit puzzling. A (very very very bold) guess is that it is a benthic foraminifer (the first multilocular benthics are from the Middle Ordovician, but there is a big radiation in the Carboniferous), but I'm not sure about the chamber arrangement, if those are indeed chambers. Another (and perhaps more plausible guess) is that it is some sort of algae. I'm not familiar with Paleozoic microfauna, but algae are quite common. I hope it helps...

Left and middle pix: these chambers remind me of some kind of foraminifer, but a long and conic coiled gastropod shell sometimes looks similar.

Right pix: the texture looks like it is a single crystal , so it might be some skeletal element of an echinoderm, e. g. an obliquely cut element of a crinoid rod.

Thanks for your suggestions.

In the field I found lots of brachiopods and corals but not crinoid. The right one, I think could be a micro crinoid with round structure and a central stem, I have some more finding of them under microscope, but crinoid in this size and lower Paleozoic age? I am not sure. I am also thinking of foraminefer about two others, but lets see what kind of foraminifer was living in Devonian? I am not agree with gastropod for the middle and crinoid for the left one!

Another pic from the third one.

What is the scale of this image? It seems to be dolomitized crinoid stem with micrite matrix.

The scale is on the pix, click and open them.

Although some gastropods are similar to image on right, I don't know if you can find this kind of microgastropods with all those whorls at that size. In my opinion it's easier that the right pic represent a foraminifer. But it is an opinion. What we need to know are other information about geology and overall the age (approximately too) of the rock or of the place where you find these samples.

Thank you very much e sorry for my english

Simon, I was thinking about crinoids, as well, for the third.

Dear colleague

your pictures form the Palaeozoic depict:

left : most probalbe a foraminfera

centre: formainfera

right: section through crinoid columnalia (X Nichols should reveal extinction of light)

All the best

In my opinion,

LUNUCAMMINA (Left)

NODOSINELLA (Middle)

crinoid stem (Right)

Good luck!

I think left and middle ones is kind of foraminifera the left one could be benthic biserial form the third one is perpendicular direction cut of echinoides spines

Thanks to all good suggestions.

So, Foraminifera and Crinoid. Lets limit the age to Upper Devonian (Frasnian-Famennian). I found some more on the sections:

Another one, Interesting replacement by pyrite!

Los dos primeros son foraminiferos y la tercer foto parece el tallo de un crinoideo

I think the left one is Climacammina and the middle one might be Pachyphloia and the right one looks like crinoid. I am more confident about Climacammina and crinoid.

The 1 and 2 are benthic foraminifera, 3 is crinoid, the new images 1 may be bryozoa ? the last one is also foraminifera.

I think the new 1 could be a bryozoan. I don't see any tabulae for it to be a tabulate coral and a bivalve should be laminated, which is not the case here. The second picture... could be a biserial (agglutinated) benthic foram again.

Where are these limestones from, Hasan?

Thanks for the answers.

Simon, they are belong to the Hajigak Formation, upper Devonian limestone as dated by brachiopod fossils. The Formation is located in Central Afghanistan, east of Bamyan city in the hanging wall of large Hajigak Iron ore deposit.

As opined by the experts, I too strongly feel that first two are benthic foraminifers, of which the first maybe the Textularid group.

In Newfoundland, we also have similar age group Crinoid.

The first photo is a fenestrate bryozoan (polyporid) in longitudinal section; slightly oblique.

Dear colleague, on the first picture, there is a Geinitzina sp. on the left, a Langella sp. in the middle and a crinoid on the right. The two first ones are Permian species according to the genius. The species can be robably determined to precise which Permian it is. In any case, these are not Devonian or Carboniferous fossils. The other picture shows a bryozoan and the last picture (wth pyrite?) is an undeterminated Nodosariata.

In the left it is a benthic foraminifera belonging to Textulariidae. In the rigth it is a crinoid.

Dear Hasan, the foraminifers are not Devonian fossils, but Permian. There are Eogeinitzina and Eonodosaria in the Devonian, but the ones illustrated above are clearly Permian.

Thank you Patrice,

This is an important point but need more supportive finding work. I am not a paleontologist but generally, from 100 years ago, the Upper Devonian age for this limestone is accepted by geologists through brachipod fossils including Sperifera, and also the limestone overlies by a thick shale formation as Carboniferous-Permian age with few poorly preserved coral fossil. Devonian Foram reported from the region in Asia.

The first foram resemble the LUNUCAMMINA as mentioned by Simon Khor (see here: http://www.gsi.ir/General/Lang_en/Page_48/SubOrderId_881/SuperFamilyId_1010/FamilyId_1011/SubFamilyId_/GenusId_1015/Action_GenusView/WebsiteId_13/LUNUCAMMINA.html).

We have a very important section of Permian with the FUSULINIDA, some 30 km north of the limestone (http://specialpapers.gsapubs.org/content/316/1.abstract).

Hi Hasan, I think that there is something important here.

I would recommend to take more samples from these limestones and make thin sections.

Dear Collegue,

I think that the pictures at the left and at the middle are nodosaiid foraminifera. Mainly the are found in the Permian of the Western Tethys, speciall in Turkey,in Anatolia. The third one (right) seems to be a fragment of echinidea.

All of the show a recrystalisation of the wall. You must study the petrographic structure of them. If you consult the following paper I think it will be usefull in this questions of recrystalisaion.Güvenç T.1967- A propos de la structure de la parois des Nodosaiida et description d'un nouveau genre Alanyana et de quelque nouvelles especes du Permian de Turquie; Bulletin of Min. Res. and Expl. Inst. of Turkey (itis an open file of the MTA publications of Turkey).

also you can find at the works of Gerke A.A.(1957-.....SbornikStratej po palent

and Gerke A.A.1959 and 1950 and 1961...all in tte arct,c regions of ex USSR.

Are you sure that the samples are Carbonifeous or Devonian? How did you determine the samples?

Hope that these publications will be usefull to you. Tuncer GÜVENÇ

[email protected].

Dear Collegue,

I think that these fossils can not be determindes without a microscopic study. If you can send them, I will try to determine them. Greeting from Ankar TG

Geologists who have specialized in the area of ​​biostratigraphy (stratigraphers and paleontologists) are the ones in my opinion better prepared to carry out this work.

Please let me add something concerning the above pictures, after discussion with a colleague:

as I said above, the Geinitzina is similar to Geinitzina sp. 1 of Nestell & Pronina-Nestell (2001), which is late Changhsingian (Caucasus).

The Langella is most probably Langella ex gr. perforata, well known in the Tethyan realm.

Thus, the age should be Midian (Capitanian) and/or Lopingian, but most probably Changhsingian.

سلام حسن جان

همان طور که سایر دوستان گفتند، این فسیل ها احتمالا فورامینیفرهایی با سن جوانتر از آن چه شما ذکر کردید هستند. فکر کنم نمونه های شما مشابهت زیادی با نمونه های مقاله ی پیوستی داشته باشند. پیشنهاد می شود مشابه این نمونه ها را در مقاطع نازک دیگر نیز ملاحظه فرموده تا پاسخ با قطعیت بالا داشته باشید.

موفق باشید

تشکر از شما جناب مسعودی

من مقاله پیشنهادی شمارا در مورد آهک های سازند جهرم دیدم اما به نظر می رسد که نمونه های ما با سازند جهرم قابل مقایسه نیستند زیرا پالیوزوئیک بودن سازند حاجیگک با ماکروفسیل های فراوان براکیو پود، خارپوستان و مرجان و نیز وضعیت چینه شناسی قطعی است. این میکروفسیلها یا فرامینفر های پالیوزوئیک دراواخر پرمین از میان رفته اند و نمونه های سازند جهرم بیشتر نومولیت است

Dear Tuncer,

Thank you for your suggestion, I have limited samples and thin sections in this time because I am working on Iron ore deposit nearby the limestone, I hope to take more samples from the limestone and we can be in contact about in the future.

It is almost accepted that they are belong to upper Devonian, mostly because of other macrofossills of brachiopods and crinoids and corals even in the same section. I also discussed with an expert that worked on Permian Fuzulinids of Afghanisatn and he believed the finding are not belong to Permian Fuzulinid.

Thank you Patrice,

According to Vachard, who also worked in Afghanistan, in "Palaeozoic Foraminifera: Systematics, palaeoecology and responses to global changes (Revue de micropaléontologie, Volume 53 (2010), Issue 4, Pages 209-254 Daniel Vachard, Lucie Pille, Jérémie Gaillot)" semi-foraminifera were in lower Paleozoic from Cambrian to Devonian... and my samples are so resemble to some semi foram were extinct in Frasnian crisis. So, I do believe in Devonian age for the fossils!

I am trying to provide more samples.

See this:

http://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/6110381/palaeozoic-foraminifera-systematics-palaeoecology-and-

ممنون بابت توضیحات جناب ملیستانی

Dear Hasan

The lefr and mid photos are Nodosariata with hyaline wall and the right is Crinoid and these fossils belong to Rute or Nessen Fm in Alborz- Azarbaijan or Jamal Fm in Central Iran.

More note to associated Fusulinata.

I also think and agree to Prof. Ankar TG that these fossils can not be determined without a microscopic study.

The one on the right is a crinoid stem-member cross-section.

Ba salam,

Your first and second images are more likely smaller forams which are common in Carboniferous-Permian and the third one is a crinoid ossicle. You must check the association for more precise dating. I have a published paper which you can have a look in my contributions about Permian foraminifers. Maybe it is useful for your purpose.

Ok you may rigjt but how? What is symptum by looking?

Dear colleague, I agree with the comments of Patrice Moix. The first foraminifer is most likely Geinitzina. The second foraminifer is likely a Langella or Pachyphloia(?). Overall, these two foraminifer suggest a Permian age rather than Devonian or Carboniferous age. Hope this answer helps.

fossils? may be by dating/visually by experience and I have zero experience

The two on the left are benthic foraminifera and the one on the right is probably a diagonal section through a spine of a sea urchin.

Robert

The one on the right is an unambiguous crinoid stem cross section. The pentalobate lumen is a feature of Crinoidea that is almost never sen in non-crinoid stems such as blastozoans that are typically circular or rarely trilobate.

The third picture is a crinoidal stem for sure :)

I agree with professor Yichun Zhang, I suggest the Permian age, they are quite abundant in Permian and found in many Permian article.