in the case of mobile communication, special parameters are defined / introduced that allow each mobile object (mobile computer, car, etc.) to be located in order to be able to send data to it. The principle of mobility support in networks (mobile networks, networks with the IP protocol) is based on the (known) forwarding principle that is implemented in the mail.
In mobile networks 4G and 5G, a mobile object moves from one cell to another cell. In IP networks, a mobile computer moves from one subnet to another subnet.
If a mobile object leaves a cell (or a computer, a subnet) and moves into another cell, this must be detected and made known (registered) accordingly in the network. This process referred to as a handover is realized in the IP networks. For this the two protocols IP and IPv6 were extended. These enhanced versions of IP are called: MIP (Mobile IP) and MIPv6 (Mobile IPv6).
The principle of Mobility Management in VANETs illustrates the article:
Rodolfo I. Meneguette, Luiz F. Bittencourt, and Edmundo R. M. Madeira:A Seamless Flow Mobility Management Architecture forVehicular Communication Networks