I am working on the spatial and geometrical analysis of arches and domes in India. Can anybody provide me some suggestions about architectural photogrammetrical methods and the camera I can use for the specific purpose?
You need a DSLR camera with a 20 mm prime lens. Some protocols for acquisition and worklows are described here : http://www.tapenade.gamsau.archi.fr/TAPEnADe/Home.html
To compute point clouds you can use the FOSS MicMac : http://logiciels.ign.fr/?-Micmac,3-
This software is designed for scientifics applications.
There's also a users and developpers forum : http://forum-micmac.forumprod.com
You are going to want a good DSLR that can accept a prime lens.
Personally I recommend Nikon as they have not changed the connector for their lenses in decades and from what I understand, have no plans to in the near future. This I feel gives you a bit more longevity to your investments because you can use older lenses on newer camera bodies allowing you to keep your equipment up to date with the current photography technologies. Costco usually has a decent bundle with almost everything you need to get started. Other well-known brands would also be sufficient, (such as Canon) but they tend to change the bezels that connect the lenses to the cameras from time to time which forces you to replace your whole kit rather than just the body.
I would also add that you probably will want to add a prime lens to your arsenal as they do not zoom which will allow you to ensure that your measurements you are calculating with are accurate; however if you are *very* careful, you could do this with a kit lens as well. As recommended earlier a 20mm Prime lens would be the best one to start with for your application.
As for software, I haven't worked in depth with any of the software that can help you in your project, so I won't put my foot in my mouth there.