The Technology, organization, and environment (TOE) framework was proposed by DePietro, Wiarda, & Fleischer (1990), yet in my research I keep seeing their work ascribed to Thornatzky and Fleischer(1990). It seems to me that when an error is made it is sometimes picked up by other researchers and becomes “normalized”. Is this just laziness on the parts of researchers to not check and double check their sources? How can these “errors” be fixed in the literature? For those of you who might be using the TOE in your research, the correct reference is provided below.

Ref.

DePietro, R., Wiarda, E. & Fleischer, M. (1990). “The context for change: Organization, technology and environment”, in Tornatzky, L. G. and Fleischer, M. (Eds.) The processes of technological innovation, Lexington Books: Lexington, MA., pp. 151-175.

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