What would happen if the Earth stopped spinning for 1 second and what if the Earth was 10% closer to the Sun?
It wouldn't be good. At the Equator, the earth's rotational motion is at its fastest, about a thousand miles an hour. If that motion suddenly stopped, the momentum would send things flying eastward. Moving rocks and oceans would trigger earthquakes and tsunamis. A less dramatic shift in Earth's orbit would primarily affect the planet's temperature. The closer you are to the sun, the hotter the climate. Even a small move closer to the sun could have a huge impact. That's because warming would cause glaciers to melt, raising sea levels and flooding most of the planet.
If Earth stopped rotating, one half of it would be exposed to all the sunlight and could become extremely hot. The other half would not receive sunlight and could become extremely cold. Trees would not be able to survive due to extreme heat or lack of sunlight. If the Earth stopped spinning, 6 months of daytime and 6 months of nighttime would be experienced. The side of the Earth facing the Sun will experience fiery summers, while the side facing away from the Sun would face deadly winters. This will result in giant storms that would rage for ages. It wouldn't be good. At the Equator, the earth's rotational motion is at its fastest, about a thousand miles an hour. If that motion suddenly stopped, the momentum would send things flying eastward. Moving rocks and oceans would trigger earthquakes and tsunamis. If Earth stopped rotating, one half of it would be exposed to all the sunlight and could become extremely hot. The other half would not receive sunlight and could become extremely cold. Trees would not be able to survive due to extreme heat or lack of sunlight.The year would be shorter, probably with little average effect on climate and intensity of solar radiation would be 0.9^{-2} = 1.235 times higher. A less dramatic shift in Earth's orbit would primarily affect the planet's temperature. The closer you are to the sun, the hotter the climate. Even a small move closer to the sun could have a huge impact. That's because warming would cause glaciers to melt, raising sea levels and flooding most of the planet.
If the Earth were to momentarily cease its rotation for just one second, the consequences would be remarkably tumultuous. The abrupt deceleration would trigger devastating windstorms, tsunamis, and seismic upheavals due to the sudden disruption in the planet's momentum. Concurrently, atmospheric and oceanic currents would be sent into disarray, causing erratic and severe weather patterns worldwide. Meanwhile, envisioning Earth positioned 10% closer to the Sun unveils a distinct set of alterations. The intensified solar radiation would yield more scorching climates and modify weather dynamics, possibly leading to shifts in ecosystems and climate-dependent industries. This alteration could prompt adaptations in both natural systems and human infrastructure, ultimately reshaping the world as we know it.
The apparent motion of the Sun comes from Earth's rotation, so if the planet were stationary, it would cause a single day to last half a year long (though we could look forward to some very long-lasting sunsets). Without the 24-hour days we're used to, biological circadian rhythms would be thrown entirely out of whack. If the rotation stopped the earth would transform quickly into a perfect sphere and all the water gathering near the equator and would flow away toward the poles generating a massive tsunami five seconds later when the planet returned to its full speed rotation. The velocity of the moon is what keeps it in orbit, if it suddenly stopped moving the gravity of earth will pull in back in. So the moon will simply fall straight down to earth. The faster the Earth spins, the shorter our days would become. With a 1 mph speed increase, the day would only get about a minute and a half shorter and our internal body clocks, which stick to a pretty strict 24-hour schedule, probably wouldn't notice. A less dramatic shift in Earth's orbit would primarily affect the planet's temperature. The closer you are to the sun, the hotter the climate. Even a small move closer to the sun could have a huge impact. That's because warming would cause glaciers to melt, raising sea levels and flooding most of the planet. As a general rule, the crust temperature rises with depth due to the heat flow from the much hotter mantle; away from tectonic plate boundaries, temperature rises in about 25–30 °C/km (72–87 °F/mi) of depth near the surface in most of the world.