What would happen if all convection currents on Earth stopped and cause of convection currents forming in Earth's atmosphere responses?
Convection currents are caused by density differences, which in turn are caused by temperature differences. Hot air and water are less dense than cold air and water, and so the warmer substance rises. If for some reason convection stopped, air would not circulate, and weather would stop. Air wouldn't flow over the waters, suck up moisture and then rain it out on land. Without this rain, all plants and crops would die. This sinking process is known as downwelling, and is vital in driving ocean currents by feeding water into the deep water currents which transports it back to the tropics. Therefore, without convection, waters would not be able to rise / sink, stopping to transfer of water between the poles and the equator.
Convection is the circulation (and mixing) of gases or liquid. On earth, this happens in air (which causes our weather), and in ocean currents. If for some reason convection stopped, air would not circulate, and weather would stop. Air wouldn't flow over the waters, suck up moisture and then rain it out on land.
http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=5729
If the magma eventually cools down in the mantle of the Earth, it will stop the convection currents. If there are no convection currents, the tectonic plates won't move and therefore will not create or destroy landmass. The Earth will be geologically dead. Convection currents are the result of differential heating. Lighter warm material rises while heavier cool material sinks. It is this movement that creates circulation patterns known as convection currents in the atmosphere, in water, and in the mantle of Earth.Convection currents are caused by density differences, which in turn are caused by temperature differences. Hot air and water are less dense than cold air and water, and so the warmer substance rises. It stops rising when it has cooled to the same temperature as the surrounding air. Associated with a thermal is a downward flow surrounding the thermal column. The downward moving exterior is caused by colder air being displaced at the top of the thermal. Another convection-driven weather effect is the sea breeze.