The following types of radiation are absorbed by land and sea:

• Shortwave radiation: This is visible light and ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
• Longwave radiation: This is infrared radiation, which is emitted by the Earth's surface as it warms up.

The Earth's atmosphere protects us from the most harmful radiations of outer space, including:

• Gamma rays: These are the highest-energy form of radiation and can damage DNA.
• X-rays: These are also very high-energy radiation and can penetrate the body.
• Ultraviolet radiation: This type of radiation can cause sunburn and skin cancer.

The atmosphere absorbs these harmful radiations by scattering them and by interacting with the atoms and molecules in the air.

The ozone layer, which is a region of the stratosphere that contains high levels of ozone, also plays an important role in protecting us from ultraviolet radiation. Ozone is a molecule that absorbs UV radiation very well.

In addition to the atmosphere and the ozone layer, the Earth's magnetic field also helps to protect us from harmful radiation. The magnetic field deflects charged particles from the sun and other cosmic sources away from the Earth.

Without the Earth's atmosphere, ozone layer, and magnetic field, life on Earth as we know it would not be possible.

It is important to note that the Earth's atmosphere is not perfect at protecting us from harmful radiation. Some UV radiation still reaches the Earth's surface, and this is why it is important to wear sunscreen and protective clothing when we are outdoors.

Dr Murtadha Shukur thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Dear Rk Naresh,

Land and sea on Earth absorb various forms of electromagnetic radiation (Solar, Infrared, Terrestrial ,Cosmic and Magnetosphere) primarily from the Sun. However, the atmosphere and the planet's magnetic field act as protective shields, helping to mitigate the harmful effects of certain radiations from outer space, such as cosmic rays and solar particles.

Humble regards,

Dr Brook Legese Sadi thank you for your contribution to the discussion

In fact just under half (47%) of the incoming solar radiation is absorbed by the land and ocean, and this energy heats up the Earth's surface. The energy absorbed by the Earth returns to the atmosphere through three processes; conduction, radiation, and latent heat. In the process of being absorbed, the radiation is converted into heat energy. Some of this absorbed radiation or heat energy is then emitted away from Earth's surface as longer wavelength infrared radiation. The majority of radiation from the Sun is absorbed by the ocean, particularly in tropical waters around the equator, where the ocean acts like a massive, heat-retaining solar panel. The Earth absorbs most of the energy reaching its surface, a small fraction is reflected. In total approximately 70% of incoming radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere and the Earth's surface while around 30% is reflected back to space and does not heat the surface. The magnetosphere, together with Earth's atmosphere, still continue to protect our planet from cosmic rays and charged solar particles, though there may be a small amount of particulate radiation that makes it down to Earth's surface. Higher up, in the stratosphere, the ozone layer absorbs solar ultra-violet radiation and affects how much of the Sun's heat is radiated back into space. The ozone layer shields us from the harmful effects of excessive UV radiation, which can lead to sunburn, skin cancer and eye damage. The atmosphere protects life on earth by shielding it from incoming ultraviolet (UV) radiation, keeping the planet warm through insulation, and preventing extremes between day and night temperatures. The sun heats layers of the atmosphere causing it to convect driving air movement and weather patterns around the world. The ozone layer is an area or a continuous region in the stratosphere of the earth that includes high concentrations of ozone (O3) and protects the earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation. It has the ability to absorb the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation, which can damage life on Earth.UVA and especially UVB penetrate into the skin and eyes, and can cause the adverse health effects listed above. The ozone layer absorbs most of the sun's harmful UV rays, but its thickness varies depending on the time of year and changing weather patterns.