Hydrophobic should be tried

Interesting question. Let's hope breakthrough in experimental agriculture/agricultural technology would get us there. However, now I think the earth may be the safest place for all agricultural activities. Yet, we must think of other options, like agricultural production made possible via new technologies on Mars! Captivating proposition, congratulations.

Hi,

I think we must follow the hero of the movie about human left on Mars by accident named Matt. Just lear to grow potatos !!!!

Tis movie is a science based forecast of what can happen soon.

No oxygen no life !!

Jerzy

i think we must produce a plant that can grow fast with less source and can produce more food quickly.

The greenhouse effect is gradually progressing on Earth. Consequently, the risk of new climate disasters increases every year.

Currently, technologies are being developed with the help of which space ships will be built to enable a manned space mission to Mars.

In the 21st century, will man be able to overcome greater distances and get to know some other planets of our solar system?

Is it possible to develop on Earth a technology that a man can leave the solar system and, for example, one day he can reach the nearest Alpha Centauri constellation?

In connection with the above, the question arises: Will man manage to create technologies thanks to which he will leave the planet Earth, the Solar System and reach other planetary systems?

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.

Currently, sent probes to the planet Mars can provide valuable information. Based on these new information, it will be possible to get answers to particularly important questions.

The most interesting information that can really be obtained during flights to Mars is primarily the answer to the following questions:

- was there any life on Mars?

- if YES is in what forms this life occurred?

- Was there any water, lakes and rivers on Mars?

- Has there ever been a similar or somewhat different atmosphere on Mars, what was its chemical composition?

- whether there were climatic and natural zones similar to Earths on Mars?

e.t.c.

In view of the above, I would like to ask you: What else can you explore on the planet Mars and what questions do you get?

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.

The above question inspired me to the following considerations:

Should a manned mission to Mars, which could be implemented in a few years, be an international mission, or rather a national one, inspired and organized according to the familiar concept of the 1970s, of international rivalry of the leading economically and politically largest countries?

Apparently a manned mission to the planet Mars is now technically possible.

Researchers working on space exploration programs argue that it is technically possible that humans already have the necessary technology to carry out a two-year manned mission to Mars.

First of all, it is necessary for the US President to issue a program of a manned mission to Mars.

A similar program in the 1980s was announced by then US President John F. Kennedy.

The plan of a manned mission to the moon was fully realized at that time.

However, the current mission to Mars, technically possible, would require large financial outlays for the implementation of this mission.

Perhaps it would be necessary to organize an international consortium that would organize an international manned mission to Mars.

Maybe it could also be an international crew of this mission?

Then mission costs could be spread over several countries and it would have global significance in terms of international cooperation.

The previous analogous manned space mission, i.e. the manned expedition to Earthly Princes in the 1970s, had the significance of political rivalry between the then US and the Soviet Union.

It was a symbolic technological race.

Is the planned manned mission to Mars also inspired by this type of international competition, eg between the US and China, or possibly also some other countries?

China is rapidly developing technologically, aspiring to become a global powerhouse in a few years time. 1 not only in the scope of production of various goods and economic growth but also in the matter of having the most modern innovative technologies implemented in various economic applications.

In the US, a very large, historically high public debt can be a significant finns barrier to finance and thus the USA will organize a manned mission to Mars in the next few years.

If this mission to Mars is mainly inspired by this new international rivalry in terms of having technological capabilities, it is currently difficult to predict which country will win the race and be the first to organize manned missions to Mars?

In view of the above, I ask you with the following question: Should a manned mission to Mars, which could be implemented in a few years, be an international mission, or rather a national one, inspired and organized according to the familiar concept of the 1970s, of international rivalry of the leading economically and politically largest countries?

Please reply. I invite you to the discussion

Thanks Dariusz Prokopowicz

The question is important for looking promising future

Dear Anjay Kumar Mishra, Dickson Adom, Jerzy Zbigniew Achimowicz, Amir Hossein Salimi, Dejene Tadesse Banjaw, Thank you very much for participating in this discussion and providing inspiring and informative answers to the above question: What technologies should be developed on Mars so that plants could be grown on Mars in the future?

Thank you very much for the sent suggestions of interesting topics, research issues, etc. related to this issue. The issue is indeed developmental. Thank you very much for the interesting information and inspiration to continue deliberations on the above issues. Best wishes,

Have a nice day,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

If you think of “free land” growing plants they should be first pioneer plants that are heath, cold, radiation and drought resistant plants that are associated with the corresponding microorganisms in the soil (among them litholytic bacteria) .

Dear Jean-Pierre Jost, Interesting point. Yes, for this type of plant cultivation, it might be necessary to create special conditions in the microclimate under greenhouse conditions at the beginning. Before creating this type of colony - an oasis of greenery on a planet with difficult conditions for growing plants, it is necessary to send several expeditions with the necessary materials and equipment, from which greenhouses will be built, ensuring an appropriate microclimate for the first crops of plants.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Arbia Hlali, Yes, I agree that on Mars, even in artificially created greenhouse conditions, the conditions for plant life will always be different. It may be necessary to grow new plant varieties on Mars that are more adapted to life on Mars. the topic is very interesting. thank you for the interesting thread in this discussion.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In the context of the plan to colonize the Moon and the planet Mars, the question arises: What kind of technologies should be developed or improved so that, in a few or a dozen years, new manned space expedition missions to the Moon and also to Mars would be possible?

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Hassan Izzeddin Sarsak

Thank you very much for the link provided to the article on the issues of colonization of the planet Mars.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Really, Mars?

Lets step through the underlying problems (understanding that if we are clever, the problems are actually features).

• The soils is saturated with bleach, with 1% perchlorate in the top meter.
• There is an effective absence of nitrogen
• Dust fills the air seasonally, but there is no rain, and particles will become charged, so greenhouses will have to be periodically cleansed.
• Grains grow at about 14,000,000 calories per acre per crop on the earth with significant soil conditioning, and Mars averages about half of the solar intensity, so assumed something under 7,000,000 calories per acre per crop. Lets assume 5,000,000 if we can get the soil conditioning, and 1,000,000 without.
• 1 human working hard will need 3000 calories per day, or about 1 million per year. So 1 acres of farm land is needed for crop production, unless there is a fertilizer industry.

Alright, that's enough to start with.

Soils - we need about 150mm of topsoil, for about 600m3 (say 1200T) of soil for food production. Which means we need to neutralize a bunch of perchlorate, say with 10T of organics, and add 50T more organics to make topsoil. Per person. Even if the astronaut retained all sanitary sewage on their 9 month journey, and assuming 2 kg of dry weight of organic waste per day (which is high), they would only have about 500 kg each on arrival. 900 months would be required to build up the soil to feed the population - that's a lot of MREs.

And the plants have to be part of a nitrogen cycle - if we assume the soils are 4% nitrogen, then we have to bring in about 50T of Nitrogen, too. A big tank of ammonium nitrate, I guess, shipped with each colonist. Oh, you could mix that with the perchlorate - that will burn good... There is about 0.1% N in martian soils, and about 2.7% N2 in the atmosphere, so you can harvest it. If you're patient.

Then your greenhouse, which will need a reasonable partial pressure, would have to be built using something like fibreglass cloth coated in silicone, and then covered in water. 2m thick should be enough, and that can be supported by even 0.3 atm. That will stop the radiation, but it will mean some of the light is scattered/absorbed. I suspect you'll need plants that require partial shade. Calories per acre just dropped again. Assuming you've got an earth-like partial pressure for oxygen (159mm) CO2 (0.3mm) water (4mm) and little bit of nitrogen (say 65mm, instead of 600mm), then it would be breathable, if weird. But you'd have to have 0.1 kg of N2 for every m3, and if your green house is 4m tall (tall enough to grow hemp on earth for fibre), you'll need another 1.6T of N2 per person in the air. .

So, you'd need a machine to build a greenhouse and fill it with soil. The fabric has to carry 30 kPa internal pressure, meaning it is strong, even with a few meters of water on the surface holding it down. It has to be air- and water-tight, and immune to UV light.

You're going to need to manufacture plastics, glass, aluminum, iron, siloxane, oxygen, nitrogen. You're going to compress the existing atmosphere to separate out the various fractions to make the air you need. You're going to need 3d printers to fabricate everything you can't afford to ship. You're going to need to have return vehicles available for everyone on the planet until they are fully self-sufficient. You are probably going to need thorium breeder reactor to power everything, and you may need a thorium mine and processing plant. You might need a uranium mine and processing plant if you want to get more built. And so on... it's hard to say, since it looks like close to 100 years to get your greenhouses going...

Dear Douglas Nuttall,

You described the process of building a greenhouse, organizing plant cultivation in terms of space design, a manned expedition and building a colony on the planet Mars in a very factual, substantive and accurate manner. So in this project many different aspects have to be taken into account, which is related to and determined by the specific conditions of the atmosphere, climate, soil, etc. on the planet Mars. There are many issues to consider in this project. Therefore, it is a very complex, multi-faceted, costly project that requires a lot of research.

Greetings, Stay healthy!

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear M.K. Tripathi

That's right. This type of plant cultivation needs to be planned taking into account the specific environmental needs of each plant species.

Regards, Stay healthy!

Dariusz Prokopowicz

On February 18, 2021, another big step for humanity in the field of space exploration was made. On that day, the Perseverance rover landed on Mars. The Perseverance rover was launched into space with an Atlas V rocket by the NASA space agency on July 30, 2020. Almost at the same time, on February 9, 2021, the Arab probe al-Amal arrived in Mars orbit, and the Chinese probe Tianwen 1 a day later. The Perseverance rover is another probe to investigate whether there has ever been life on Mars. Unlike the Arab and Chinese spacecraft, the NASA rover flew directly into the atmosphere of Mars and landed on the surface. Immediately after landing, the Perseverance rover sent the first photos to Earth. If there had been life on Mars before, it is very likely that the Perseverance Rover could discover it. The rover landed on Mars where the river flowed into the sea millions of years ago. The landing site was deliberately chosen because if there has ever been life on Mars, it should be where life is most likely to occur. In addition, the Perseverance rover will perform a more detailed study of the ground on Mars. In this way, humanity will learn the chemical composition of compounds, substances on the surface of Mars. This knowledge is particularly important in the context of the possibility of building a base on Mars and sending a manned expedition to Mars. The first manned expedition to Mars is to take place in the 30s of the current twenty-first century.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

All the conditions necessary for plant survival should be created in Mars.

Dear Vincent O. Nyangaresi,

Yes, that's right. Bases should be built on Mars in which plant crops will be created. This is a key aspect of the planned possible future colonization of Mars.

Thank you, Regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

dear dr. Dariusz Prokopowicz

With the importance of scientific experiments to know the extent of the success of agricultural techniques On the surface of the planet Mars .

but the rationality choice , which a achieve economic and technical efficiency conditions can be easily achieve in short period time in the next few years ,when we head towards the most feasible alternative from an economic and technical point of view, which is to direct those funds to the surface of the earth planet where all the ingredients for successful agriculture are available for all types Agricultural crops in several countries in Africa, Latin America and Asia, in which we can experience technological developments in their various degrees, advanced, medium and even primitive.

But this choice conflict with political factors where the political agenda requires these countries remain backward at this point in time

Thank you, best Regards,

Falah Khalaf Ali Alrubaie

Dear Falah Khalaf Ali Alrubaie,

Yes you are right. It is essential to continue research to develop an excellent model of agricultural crops adapted to greenhouse conditions in the base, which will be built on Mars. This model should take into account many factors of adapting the known agricultural crops on planet Earth to the conditions on the planet Mars, including the possibility of building a base, greenhouse crops, water production, etc. with the use of raw materials and materials available on Mars.

Thank you, Greetings,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

We need to be able to infuse nutrients into the soil so that the plants have what they need to grow without relying on fertilizers.

Dear Chuck A Arize,

Yes, you are right about developing an accurate water treatment system with specific micronutrients and other nutrients required by crops is an essential part of horticultural crops that will be carried out on a Mars-based manned or robotic base.

Thank you, Greetings,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Some science fiction movies in the last few decades have featured images in which people on Mars set up bases with greenhouses where certain species of plants are grown. For these crops, specially created plant varieties are used, i.e. more adapted to the conditions on the planet Mars. Then these plants get out of the greenhouse and begin to grow under the climate conditions on Mars. These are mainly certain types of algae, algae and others. These plants produce oxygen that begins to accumulate in the Martian atmosphere, and the climate changes to a much milder one. Is it real? But should man first install certain devices on the planet Mars that will produce oxygen and water, and then it will be possible to create conditions for the acclimatization of certain plant species, perhaps new plant varieties specially created for this purpose through the use of modern genetics techniques.

Greetings,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Amir Hossein Salimi,

Yes of course. On the other hand, it is worth changing the production profile of agricultural produce. Due to the fact that three-quarters of the world's arable land is used for the production of agricultural crops as animal feed and not food for humans, it would be enough to change these relations and the problem of the lack of food for people could be solved quickly. In addition, deforestation and burning of forests, including tropical rainforests in the Amazon, should be stopped, because deforestation accelerates the greenhouse effect and thus the process of global warming is progressing faster and the global climate crisis in a few decades will be more drastic for the planet Earth, for biodiversity and for man.

Thank you, Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

We are already making the Earth into a Mars-like landscape in the Sahara, Arabian desert, Gobi, Pakistan and India and so forth, with permanent Dust Clouds that keep the rain clouds from forming. Maybe we should fix those before we go off-world to do more damages?

Dremann, your point is well made. I applaud you for it. I hold the same view. Best wishes

Revelations 11: 18

And the nations were wroth, and thy wrath came, and the time of the dead to be judged, and the time to give their reward to thy servants...and to destroy those that destroy the earth.

My question is why would anyone want to live there? We should be focusing on taking care of this one. Everything we need is here and there is enough for all of us if we learn to be respectful. Every few months we have to send food to the Space Station. What other planet does that come from other than Earth? If you colonize Mars, where do you think the food and water will come from until the time people figure it out? That is the one thing no one seems to be focusing on. This issue of colonizing Mars is arrogance that will get many people killed if were ever possible. Someone has to go first and build, how will they be sustained? Once they are there, they cannot come back.

Berkay Sarı It is not a reality. We should learn to appreciate what we have.

La Verne A Davis, Mars is currently not capable of sustaining human life without the aid of technology, such as life support systems and habitats. It has a much colder and drier climate than Earth, and its atmosphere is much thinner, making it more difficult to protect against harmful solar and cosmic radiation.

On the other hand, Earth is a well-established home for humans, with a diverse and abundant biosphere, a stable climate, and a protective atmosphere. It provides all the resources necessary for human life, including air, water, and food.

So, if you are looking for a place to live, Earth is the better option, at least for the time being. However, if you are interested in space exploration and the possibility of colonizing other planets, then Mars could be an exciting opportunity in the future.