Local governments in New Zealand   have completed coastal hazard assessments, with maps showing areas expected to be affected over the next 50-100 years and  adopted the following:

• restricting development in coastal erosion areas
• planning for managed retreat
• rejecting consents for alterations or extensions to existing buildings in the coastal zone
• discouraging the construction of defences such as sea walls.

http://www.mfe.govt.nz/climate-change/adapting-climate-change/adapting-sea-level-rise

I think the main issue in this case is the protection as well as managing the costal line in addition to the technical issues the law legislation is the key role of build in the appropriate strategy.

Promote shore protection techniques and open space preserves that allow beaches and coastal wetlands to gradually move inland as sea level rises.

Identify and improve evacuation routes and evacuation plans for low-lying areas, to prepare for increased storm surge and flooding

Local governments in New Zealand   have completed coastal hazard assessments, with maps showing areas expected to be affected over the next 50-100 years and  adopted the following:

• restricting development in coastal erosion areas
• planning for managed retreat
• rejecting consents for alterations or extensions to existing buildings in the coastal zone
• discouraging the construction of defences such as sea walls.

http://www.mfe.govt.nz/climate-change/adapting-climate-change/adapting-sea-level-rise

Dear All,

I think the expression strategy is too strong in this special situation. One can speak only on tactics. Behrouz’s comment seems to be the most correct, however opinion of a specialist or somebody from the endangered area is needed.

Sea level rise is only one of many potential adverse effects of "climate change" (dependning on how that term is defined and understood). There is documented evidence that the Atlantic coast sea level rose in the 19th century and even greater rise in the 20th century (about 38 cm): http://www.climatecentral.org/news/sea-level-and-risk-of-flooding-rising-rapidly-in-mid-atlantic-16822. Projections for the 21st century are even worse.

Regardless of advances in technology, efforts to mitigate (and salvage the existing urban infrastructures) the impact of rising sea level on the coastal cities of global oceans are not likely to win in a war between the massive oceans and humans.  And the war will be costly in futile resources and drain on productivity of each country.  A more prudent approach  might be to plan to either move up (vertical infrastructure like Venice) or move inward away from the coast.  The strategy is to implement an orderly and careful exit (abandon) the vulnerable coastal region expected to be under water by year 2100.  This would of course be less costly and easier to accomplish in countries like the U.S. that still contain large areas of sparsely inhabited populations and spaces far inland away from the coastline.  In many countries (especially Europe) this would of course be more problematic.     

Dear sir, i think first of all GIS based modeling should be there by considering long term (> 30 years) event (i.e. coastal flood, storm) related data for at least 100 year return period. Now based on predicted severity (frequency and intensity) scenarios against time series, the city infrastructure development planning should precede spatially & environment friendly endeavors. Thus, GIS based these scenarios can helps in strategic land use planning and zoning regulation etc. to minimize the expected effect.

Thanks All for contributing innovative means and approachs for mitigating the increasing impacts of climate change on coastal cities.

Climate change presents particular risk to coastal regions and small island states, their coastal resources—including the biodiversity and unique ecosystems in coastal waters, adjacent shores, and wetlands—and their human activities and development (e.g., land use, trade, shipping, tourism, aquaculture, coastal agriculture). So all the strategy for coastal cities need to formulate or prepare in order to mitigate and adapt to Climate Change must includes” effectiveness, relative cost, co-benefits, co-costs, barriers, feasibility of implementation, scale of implementation, applicable locations and conditions”. Please see the attached file which contains all the parameter on the basis of above ponts .

I think that hazard assessment stand at the beginning and following would be zoning that restricts construction in exposed areas. In addition one also should reflect how new constructions can include cc risks. This would include construction of infrastructure.

Walter Leal Filho (eds.) 2018, Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Strategies for Coastal Communities [1 ed.], Springer 978-3-319-70702-0, 978-3-319-70703-7