There are different fields of industry in which those new programmers might want to work in. Depending on those fields, the techniques, languages, methodology, concepts, paradigms etc. are different.

It they intend to work in Web development they must have a good understanding of HTML, CSS and JavaScript for front-end development. They should be familiar with at least one JavaScript framework like jQuery or Prototype. For the application layer development, or the server-side scripting, PHP scripting language is a good language to learn and knowing Object Oriented programming principles is a must. Understanding the HTTP protocol is a good bonus because of header modification on the server side. The use of frameworks such as Code Igniter, Cake PHP or similar is a very valued bonus for any developer who is finishing formal education and getting ready to get his/her hands dirty with some serious coding.

If they want to develop business applications, knowing Java, C# or C++ is a good way to start, but of course, without learning OOP one cannot go about doing any serious work. Besides knowing programming languages, learning and understanding UML diagrams, Activity diagrams and many other documentation diagrams and flowcharts is a must when developing business applications. Security is an important field one must learn well when getting into this field. Encrypted communications, private networks, key generation, etc. All those are important and one must know how to implement security in the application, not just to know the theory and philosophy.

If they want to develop embedded device software for industrial machines (robots), home appliances, smart home and office devices etc. knowledge of C/C++, Python or Java for embedded devices is very important. In some cases, for some very low level hardware programming, besides programming in C, one might need to learn some assembly for direct instruction set program or sub-program writing. Also, knowledge of electronics would be very welcome in a candidate for this field.

So, all in all, it really depends on the platform, industry, the end user for whom software is developed and who will, in the end, be using it.

So many variables and so many options and directions in software development. Generalized suggestions cannot be made, asides of some generally required thinks like analytical thinking, syntax and semantics understanding and being well trained in thinking in the language you code in (almost to make it your native language when thinking of problem solving on a computer platform).

I hope all this gives a clear answer to your question.

It depends for what been educated, but definitely a lot!

There are different fields of industry in which those new programmers might want to work in. Depending on those fields, the techniques, languages, methodology, concepts, paradigms etc. are different.

It they intend to work in Web development they must have a good understanding of HTML, CSS and JavaScript for front-end development. They should be familiar with at least one JavaScript framework like jQuery or Prototype. For the application layer development, or the server-side scripting, PHP scripting language is a good language to learn and knowing Object Oriented programming principles is a must. Understanding the HTTP protocol is a good bonus because of header modification on the server side. The use of frameworks such as Code Igniter, Cake PHP or similar is a very valued bonus for any developer who is finishing formal education and getting ready to get his/her hands dirty with some serious coding.

If they want to develop business applications, knowing Java, C# or C++ is a good way to start, but of course, without learning OOP one cannot go about doing any serious work. Besides knowing programming languages, learning and understanding UML diagrams, Activity diagrams and many other documentation diagrams and flowcharts is a must when developing business applications. Security is an important field one must learn well when getting into this field. Encrypted communications, private networks, key generation, etc. All those are important and one must know how to implement security in the application, not just to know the theory and philosophy.

If they want to develop embedded device software for industrial machines (robots), home appliances, smart home and office devices etc. knowledge of C/C++, Python or Java for embedded devices is very important. In some cases, for some very low level hardware programming, besides programming in C, one might need to learn some assembly for direct instruction set program or sub-program writing. Also, knowledge of electronics would be very welcome in a candidate for this field.

So, all in all, it really depends on the platform, industry, the end user for whom software is developed and who will, in the end, be using it.

So many variables and so many options and directions in software development. Generalized suggestions cannot be made, asides of some generally required thinks like analytical thinking, syntax and semantics understanding and being well trained in thinking in the language you code in (almost to make it your native language when thinking of problem solving on a computer platform).

I hope all this gives a clear answer to your question.

should have a gud command over any one object oriented prog. lang. may be C++, java or C# and some basic knowledge or just overview about others, which can b learnt if required to work on that.....

When you refer to programming techniques, I related with patterns. Any person that has good knowledge of patterns applied to software programming, and check if the language that is choosing provides facilities to apply that patterns. For example in Java we can apply the decorator pattern. That is a good programming technique for having a good understand of the code, and allow the reuse of the component.

As far as my concern, A Programmer who know l C- Programming language efficiently and tend to learn new techniques.

If the programming language is procedural. In order to be able to orientate one towards any concept, be it procedural of object oriented programming, the knowledge of C wouldn't suffice. One should know C++ as well. But in genera I agree, because most modern programming languages take after the C/C++ syntax. Except for some very distantly branched languages.

In my opinion, a programmer should know the following as a minimum:

1. a procedural language (e.g., C, Fortran, etc.)

2. an object-oriented language (e.g., C++, Java, etc.)

3. a scripting language (e.g., python, bash, csh, etc.)

4. a database language and/or a SQL variant (e.g., Oracle,MS Access, SQL, etc.)

5. html (webpage, internet [TCP/IP and UDP/IP]) programming

6. user interface programming

7. an operating system (e.g., a *NIX variant) including its command line operations

8. embedded programming (including operating systems like LynxOS, Wind River, etc.)

9. memory allocation, de-allocation, and the use of pointers and address references

10. how to use library functions in their chosen programming language(s)

11. manipulation/use of standard data structures (lists, vectors, stacks, queues, etc.)

12. code testing

13. code reuse/refactoring

14. OML, UML, and OO patterns

15. code version control/configuration management

I can honestly state that I have used all of these skills during my programming assignments. Once you learn one example of each of these, learning additional ones are just 'variations on a theme'. With this mininum set of skills, a programmer will have the tools to address any type of problem in any programming context. The most important skills that a programmer must have beyond the tools listed above is the ability to perform an analysis, find information, and structure the problem/solution in a way that is logical, methodical, and understandable to expert and non-expert alike.

Programmer builds his skills every day, and should know or have knowledge about logic, DB and Programming Platforms.

I have to say I agree entirely with Eric Hall - working in programming, I have had to use all those skills to a fair degree (I'm not a software engineer - there are probably more to add to the list of you are). I would also add something that I found surprising when I started having to a lot of programming, and that's how much porting I seem to have to do between different operating systems. Working in different environments (consultancy, renewable energy, academic research), this has always been a challenging part of tasks I've had to do - it's really worth getting a good grounding in understanding different operating systems.