The use of living organisms and organic acids to increase the efficiency of biofertilizers
Ashok Karan
Rhizobia,Azotobecter,Azosprilum are essential for fixation of nitrogen in soil for sustainable soil fertility and productivity of crop.
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Rhizobium: Rhizobium is a genus of nitrogen-fixing bacteria that forms nodules on the roots of leguminous plants. They convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use, thereby increasing the nitrogen content in the soil and promoting plant growth. Mycorrhizal Fungi: Mycorrhizal fungi form mutually beneficial associations with plant roots. They colonize the root system, extending their hyphae into the soil to explore a larger volume of soil than plant roots alone. Mycorrhizal fungi improve nutrient uptake, especially phosphorus, by increasing the surface area for absorption and releasing enzymes that break down organic matter. Azospirillum: Azospirillum is a group of free-living plant growth-promoting bacteria that can fix atmospheric nitrogen and release growth-promoting hormones. They colonize the root surface, stimulating root growth and enhancing the availability of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron. Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria: Certain bacteria have the ability to solubilize insoluble forms of phosphorus in the soil, making it more accessible to plants. Examples include species of Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Enterobacter. Bacillus and Pseudomonas: Some species of Bacillus and Pseudomonas bacteria are known for their ability to produce plant growth-promoting substances, including phytohormones, enzymes, and siderophores that enhance nutrient uptake and plant development.
Several types of microorganisms can be beneficial in biofertilizers to enhance nutrient absorption by plants especially those microorganisms which typically establish a symbiotic or mutualistic relationship with plants, aiding in nutrient acquisition and uptake. For examples:
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