The origin of the two satellites maybe similar to the-most commonly accepted- origin of our moon. Their orbits could be changing with time, the larger getting closer by tidal forces, while the smaller could be moving away due to weaker tides.

Similarly to Earth's Moon, Mars has a thin atmosphere, which indicates little or no gravitational pull. Earth's atmosphere is such that gravitational pull enables Earth's Moon to maintain a secure orbital path held in place by Earth's gravity. To my knowledge, no artificial satellite, e.g., space station, is even contemplated to orbit Earth's Moon. The Curiosity rover scored a direct hit on Mars, obviating need to rely on gravitational pull? But what keeps Phobos and Deimos orbiting Mars?

Dear Thierry De Mees, you appear to conclude that inertia is the ultimate answer to my question. It is inertia that is keeping Phobos and Deimos secure in their orbital paths about Mars.

Many thanks,

Nancy

Nancy,

" . To my knowledge, no artificial satellite, e.g., space station, is even contemplated to orbit Earth's Moon. "

A great many spacecraft have orbited the moon.

The Apollo command modules, Lunar Orbiter, Lunar Prospector, Clementine, SMART-1, etc. (from memory)

As Thierry points out, it is the mass of a body (such as the Moon) that determines the nature of orbits around it. Not the absence or presence of an atmosphere, as the solid body's mass dwarfs that of any plausible atmosphere.

Thus, Rosetta could orbit P67 - an airless world, as did Hyakutaku (1 and 2) at Itokawa and Ryugu respectively.

What keeps moon in orbit round planets, as with planets round the Sun, is that the sum of their kinetic and gravitational potential energy is less than zero. In fact the Virial Theorem tells us that PE = -2*KE.

If there is any atmosphere near the object, that creates a drag that removes energy and the object cannot remain in orbit, it will spiral into the central body. That happens steadily to the ISS for example and it has to be regularly boosted back up to higher altitude.

https://www.heavens-above.com/IssHeight.aspx

So in addition to the force of gravitational attraction between Earth and Moon, Sun and Earth, Mars and Phobos or Deimos, does spin play a role? I ask this question because it looks to me like the ISS's need to be boosted back into orbit every now and again results from the ISS's lack of independent spin.

([Does a black hole have diminished escape velocity because of enormously incredible mass and spin?--Is this a credible Question I could post?]).

No, the ISS needs to be boosted because of the drag from the atmosphere. The height of the atmosphere varies due to a variety of effects and if it gets thicker at the altitude of the ISS, there is more drag.

Put your hand out of a moving car and you can feel the same drag, only much stronger.

If you want to know about spinning black holes (which is probably all of them), look up articles on the Kerr Metric. Be warned, it's not a simple topic!

Please find attached link for the Stability of the Moons orbits in Solar system in the restricted three-body problem.

Which is a Systematic approach to the problem was suggested earlier in KAM- (Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser)-theory in which the central KAM-theorem is known to be applied for researches of stability of Solar system in terms of restricted three- body problem especially if we consider photogravitational restricted three-body problem with additional influence of Yarkovsky effect of non-gravitational nature.

link:

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1506.06632.pdf

Michael Issigonis ,

Many thanks for your answer to suggest the possibility that orbital fluctuations might enable Phobos and Deimos to maintain their respective orbital paths around Mars!

Best regards, Nancy Ann Watanabe

P.S. During July - August of 2019, I began receiving notifications that my proposals for articles were accepted, which meant that I needed to spend time to research and write the requested articles. I vaguely recall seeing RG emailed notifications of activity on this RG discussion question thread and in retrospect, it is evident that I did not open them due to the urgency of meeting submission deadlines. My apologies; these are the reasons for my absence at this thread:

Specifically, the following peer-reviewed and editorially approved manuscripts were either published or are currently scheduled for publication and in the hands of production editorial staff members at Routledge, Elsevier, and CRC:

(1) Published: Watanabe, Nancy Ann. "Out of Time's Afrocentric Subtext: Carl Franklin's Postfeminist Technoscientific Adaptation of Sophocles's King Oedipus," in Quarterly Review of Film and Video, Volume 37, Number 8 (May-October 2020): pages 731-754. DOI: 10.1080/110509208.2020.1743151.

(2) Watanabe, Nancy Ann. "Darwinian Ideas and Marxian Idealism in Austen, Twain, Yeats, Camus, and Ishiguro," in Routledge Companion to Literature and Social Class. London: Routledge, forthcoming September, 2021, pages 412-425.

(3) Watanabe, Nancy Ann. "Toward a Quantum Theory of Cognitive Affect from Poe to Robotic Helpers: Newton, Arousal, and Covalent Bonding," in Artificial Intelligence and Computing Logic: Cognitive Technology for Business Analytics. CRC/Apple Academic Press, in the press, pages 97-146.

(4) Watanabe, Nancy Ann. "Artificial Intelligence for Heavy Vehicle Technology: Subtextual AI/HVT Imagery, Cultural Ethos, and Legal/Ethical/Moral Standards in The Long, Long Trailer," in Heavy Vehicle Technologies. London and New Delhi: Elsevier, at the press.

Stefan Rüster

Thank you very much for your mathematically geometrically precise answer to this Research Gate discussion thread question.

I apologize for the extraordinarily protracted delay in my reading your reply here.

This is an explanation for my unexpected departure and absence:

During July - August of 2019, I began receiving notifications that my proposals for articles were accepted, which meant that I needed to spend time to research and write the requested articles. I vaguely recall seeing RG emailed notifications of activity on this RG discussion question thread and in retrospect, it is evident that I did not open them due to the urgency of meeting submission deadlines. My apologies; these are the reasons for my absence at this thread:

Specifically, the following peer-reviewed and editorially approved manuscripts were either published or are currently scheduled for publication and in the hands of production editorial staff members at Routledge, Elsevier, and CRC:

(1) Published: Watanabe, Nancy Ann. Out of Time's Afrocentric Subtext: Carl Franklin's Postfeminist Technoscientific Adaptation of Sophocles's King Oedipus," in Quarterly Review of Film and Video, Volume 37, Number 8 (May-October 2020): pages 731-754. DOI: 10.1080/110509208.2020.1743151.

(2) Watanabe, Nancy Ann. "Darwinian Ideas and Marxian Idealism in Austen, Twain, Yeats, Camus, and Ishiguro," in Routledge Companion to Literature and Social Class. London: Routledge, forthcoming September, 2021, pages 412-425.

(3) Watanabe, Nancy Ann. "Toward a Quantum Theory of Cognitive Affect from Poe to Robotic Helpers: Newton, Arousal, and Covalent Bonding," in Artificial Intelligence and Computing Logic: Cognitive Technology for Business Analytics. CRC/Apple Academic Press, in the press, pages 97-146.

(4) Watanabe, Nancy Ann. "Artificial Intelligence for Heavy Vehicle Technology: Subtextual AI/HVT Imagery, Cultural Ethos, and Legal/Ethical/Moral Standards in The Long, Long Trailer," in Heavy Vehicle Technologies. London and New Delhi: Elsevier, at the press.

Most apologetically, Nancy Ann Watanabe

James Garry ,

I would like to thank you so much for your expository explanation in your answer to, including the necessary correction to, my Research Gate discussion thread question in July of 2019 (please see my Postscript below), as follows:

📷

James Garry added a reply July 31, 2019:

Nancy,

" . To my knowledge, no artificial satellite, e.g., space station, is even contemplated to orbit Earth's Moon. "

A great many spacecraft have orbited the moon.

The Apollo command modules, Lunar Orbiter, Lunar Prospector, Clementine, SMART-1, etc. (from memory)

As Thierry points out, it is the mass of a body (such as the Moon) that determines the nature of orbits around it. Not the absence or presence of an atmosphere, as the solid body's mass dwarfs that of any plausible atmosphere.

Thus, Rosetta could orbit P67 - an airless world, as did Hyakutaku (1 and 2) at Itokawa and Ryugu respectively."

Recommended / Share

Postscript:

Explanations for my unofficial leave-of-absence on this RG discussion thread:

During July - August of 2019, I began receiving notifications that my proposals for articles were accepted, which meant that I needed to spend time to research and write the requested articles. I vaguely recall seeing RG emailed notifications of activity on this RG discussion question thread and in retrospect, it is evident that I did not open them due to the urgency of meeting submission deadlines. My apologies; these are the concrete material evidentiary reasons for my absence at this thread:

Specifically, the following peer-reviewed and editorially approved manuscripts were either published or are currently scheduled for publication and in the hands of production editorial staff members at Routledge, Elsevier, and CRC:

(1) Published: Watanabe, Nancy Ann. Out of Time's Afrocentric Subtext: Carl Franklin's Postfeminist Technoscientific Adaptation of Sophocles's King Oedipus," in Quarterly Review of Film and Video, Volume 37, Number 8 (May-October 2020): pages 731-754. DOI: 10.1080/110509208.2020.1743151.

(2) Watanabe, Nancy Ann. "Darwinian Ideas and Marxian Idealism in Austen, Twain, Yeats, Camus, and Ishiguro," in Routledge Companion to Literature and Social Class. London: Routledge, forthcoming September, 2021, pages 412-425.

(3) Watanabe, Nancy Ann. "Toward a Quantum Theory of Cognitive Affect from Poe to Robotic Helpers: Newton, Arousal, and Covalent Bonding," in Artificial Intelligence and Computing Logic: Cognitive Technology for Business Analytics. CRC/Apple Academic Press, in the press, pages 97-146.

(4) Watanabe, Nancy Ann. "Artificial Intelligence for Heavy Vehicle Technology: Subtextual AI/HVT Imagery, Cultural Ethos, and Legal/Ethical/Moral Standards in The Long, Long Trailer," in Heavy Vehicle Technologies. London and New Delhi: Elsevier, at the press.

Shared by

Nancy Ann Watanabe, Ph.D.

Comparative British/American/German/French/Spanish/Latin Literature

George Dishman ,

Thank you very much for discussing with me specific facets of my Research Gate discussion thread question. My apologies for the unavoidable delay in transmitting this message to you today. I was not familiar with the Virial Theorem, and your presentation of its relevancy is plausible to me. Your description of the wind drag reminds me of Stefan Rüster

George, here is a copy of my explanation of why this message was delayed:

Explanations for my unofficial leave-of-absence on this RG discussion thread:

During July - August of 2019, I began receiving notifications that my proposals for articles were accepted, which meant that I needed to spend time to research and write the requested articles. I vaguely recall seeing RG emailed notifications of activity on this RG discussion question thread and in retrospect, it is evident that I did not open them due to the urgency of meeting submission deadlines. My apologies; these are the concrete material evidentiary reasons for my absence at this thread:

Specifically, the following peer-reviewed and editorially approved manuscripts were either published or are currently scheduled for publication and in the hands of production editorial staff members at Routledge, Elsevier, and CRC:

(1) Published: Watanabe, Nancy Ann. Out of Time's Afrocentric Subtext: Carl Franklin's Postfeminist Technoscientific Adaptation of Sophocles's King Oedipus," in Quarterly Review of Film and Video, Volume 37, Number 8 (May-October 2020): pages 731-754. DOI: 10.1080/110509208.2020.1743151.

(2) Watanabe, Nancy Ann. "Darwinian Ideas and Marxian Idealism in Austen, Twain, Yeats, Camus, and Ishiguro," in Routledge Companion to Literature and Social Class. London: Routledge, forthcoming September, 2021, pages 412-425.

(3) Watanabe, Nancy Ann. "Toward a Quantum Theory of Cognitive Affect from Poe to Robotic Helpers: Newton, Arousal, and Covalent Bonding," in Artificial Intelligence and Computing Logic: Cognitive Technology for Business Analytics. CRC/Apple Academic Press, in the press, pages 97-146.

(4) Watanabe, Nancy Ann. "Artificial Intelligence for Heavy Vehicle Technology: Subtextual AI/HVT Imagery, Cultural Ethos, and Legal/Ethical/Moral Standards in The Long, Long Trailer," in Heavy Vehicle Technologies. London and New Delhi: Elsevier, at the press.

Shared by

Nancy Ann Watanabe, Ph.D.

Comparative British/American/German/French/Spanish/Latin Literature

Ahmad Abushattal ,

Thank you including the LINK to a mathematically sophisticated scientific manuscript which is beyond my level to read fairly; therefore, I hope that the theoretical physicist Stefan Rüster

and his colleagues can respond!

Dear Dr. Ahmad Abushattai: Please forgive my long delay in transmitting this message to you, which should serve to solidify in terms of time and distance the weight of my appreciation for your answer to my Research Gate discussion thread question in July of 2019.

And with my thanks, I wish to provide you with the following explanatory data:

Explanations for my unofficial leave-of-absence on this RG discussion thread:

During July - August of 2019, I began receiving notifications that my proposals for articles were accepted, which meant that I needed to spend time to research and write the requested articles. I vaguely recall seeing RG emailed notifications of activity on this RG discussion question thread and in retrospect, it is evident that I did not open them due to the urgency of meeting submission deadlines. My apologies; these are the concrete material evidentiary reasons for my absence at this thread:

Specifically, the following peer-reviewed and editorially approved manuscripts were either published or are currently scheduled for publication and in the hands of production editorial staff members at Routledge, Elsevier, and CRC:

(1) Published: Watanabe, Nancy Ann. Out of Time's Afrocentric Subtext: Carl Franklin's Postfeminist Technoscientific Adaptation of Sophocles's King Oedipus," in Quarterly Review of Film and Video, Volume 37, Number 8 (May-October 2020): pages 731-754. DOI: 10.1080/110509208.2020.1743151.

(2) Watanabe, Nancy Ann. "Darwinian Ideas and Marxian Idealism in Austen, Twain, Yeats, Camus, and Ishiguro," in Routledge Companion to Literature and Social Class. London: Routledge, forthcoming September, 2021, pages 412-425.

(3) Watanabe, Nancy Ann. "Toward a Quantum Theory of Cognitive Affect from Poe to Robotic Helpers: Newton, Arousal, and Covalent Bonding," in Artificial Intelligence and Computing Logic: Cognitive Technology for Business Analytics. CRC/Apple Academic Press, in the press, pages 97-146.

(4) Watanabe, Nancy Ann. "Artificial Intelligence for Heavy Vehicle Technology: Subtextual AI/HVT Imagery, Cultural Ethos, and Legal/Ethical/Moral Standards in The Long, Long Trailer," in Heavy Vehicle Technologies. London and New Delhi: Elsevier, at the press.

Shared by

Nancy Ann Watanabe, Ph.D.

Comparative British/American/German/French/Spanish/Latin Literature

-------------

Best regards and all good wishes.

Gerges Francis Tawdrous

I am grateful for your answer at this time to my Research Gate discussion thread question in which you provide a detailed and comprehension perspective that has cosmological roots being perpetuated into sustaining dynamic motions and positions in the present interplanetary, including satellites, solar system. Your Mars Migration Theory may well be viewed as being mainly harmonious with the other answers.

By the way, are you seeking a new position? Or are you including links to all of your educational background and professional training as a way of letting the readers of this RG thread know that your views are presented as a result of your development as a scientific researcher? Although I have only participated in Research Gate for less than three years, I have never observed any previous instance of a respondent listing their credentials as part of their signature when they are contributing an answer or else replying. I would surmise that it might be more appropriate to include such information when posting a RG Question. In this regard, I welcome your Answers!