What is the type of architecture in embedded system and what is IoT and explain different characteristics of an IoT system?
There are two main types of architectures in embedded systems:
- Von Neumann architecture is the most common type of architecture. In this architecture, the data and code share the same memory space. This makes the architecture simpler and easier to design, but it can also lead to bottlenecks when the CPU is trying to access both data and code at the same time.
- Harvard architecture is a more specialized architecture that is designed for embedded systems with high data throughput requirements. In this architecture, the data and code are stored in separate memory spaces, which allows the CPU to access them simultaneously. This can improve the performance of the embedded system.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects that are embedded with sensors, software, and network connectivity to enable them to collect and exchange data. IoT systems can be used to monitor and control devices, collect data for analytics, and automate tasks.
The different characteristics of an IoT system include:
- Heterogeneity: IoT systems typically consist of a variety of different devices, each with its own capabilities and limitations. This heterogeneity can make it challenging to design and manage IoT systems.
- Scalability: IoT systems can be very large and complex, with a large number of devices and a wide range of data being collected. This scalability can make it difficult to ensure the security and reliability of IoT systems.
- Security: IoT systems are often connected to the internet, which makes them vulnerable to cyberattacks. It is important to implement security measures to protect IoT systems from unauthorized access and data breaches.
- Privacy: IoT systems collect a lot of data about people and their activities. It is important to protect the privacy of this data by implementing appropriate security measures.
- Energy efficiency: IoT devices are often battery-powered, so it is important to design them to be energy efficient. This can be done by using low-power sensors and processors, and by using power-saving modes when the devices are not in use.
The architecture of an IoT system will vary depending on the specific application. However, most IoT systems will have the following three layers:
- Sensor layer: This layer consists of the sensors that collect data from the physical world.
- Network layer: This layer is responsible for transporting data between the sensors and the other layers of the system.
- Application layer: This layer provides the functionality for the IoT system, such as collecting, storing, and analyzing data, and controlling devices.
The choice of architecture for an IoT system will depend on a number of factors, such as the size and complexity of the system, the types of devices being used, and the security and privacy requirements.
The Harvard architecture in embedded systems architecture is a computer architecture that has separately placed memory areas of data and instructions of the system. The CPU of this architecture includes separate storage and memory that are accessed differently. Embedded systems architecture types can be classified into four groups: simple, monolithic, microkernel, and modular. Simple architecture is the simplest of all architectures. It contains a single processor and a small amount of memory. The architecture of an embedded system is centered around its microcontroller, also sometimes referred to as the microcontroller unit (MCU), typically a single integrated circuit containing the processor, RAM, flash memory, serial receivers and transmitters, and other core components. These systems are so scalable and reliable. Works on wide variety of sectors and environments. Improve product quality and enhance performance. The internet of things, or IoT, is a network of interrelated devices that connect and exchange data with other IoT devices and the cloud. IoT devices are typically embedded with technology such as sensors and software and can include mechanical and digital machines and consumer objects. The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the network of physical objects—“things”—that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet. The bottom layer has container management, platform management, and IoT orchestration elements. Messaging to connected devices is facilitated through the communication layer, while the core layer handles configuration management, OTA services, and messaging.
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