XPS and Raman spectroscopy and FTIR are sufficient to find out the bonding environment for carbon nanostructure

XPS and Raman spectroscopy and FTIR are sufficient to find out the bonding environment for carbon nanostructure

thanks for the good suggestion

XPS is efficiently  applicable for the mentioned issue.

In a mixture of all these form of carbons possibly you will need space resolved techniques to observe each one. MIRAS in a synchrotron facility could be useful. Raman mapping instead of just spectroscopy and/or raman coupled with afm could be also interesting to associate space and identity.

EELS will give chemical identification, and with the right instrument can be done with atomic resolution. Here are some references from a forthcoming review:

• Browning, N.D., Chisholm, M.F., & Pennycook, S.J., Atomic-resolution chemical analysis using a scanning transmission electron microscope. Nature 366 (6451), 143-146 (1993)

• Allen, L.J., Findlay, S.D., Lupini, A.R., Oxley, M.P., & Pennycook, S.J., Atomic-Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy Imaging in Aberration Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. Physical Review Letters 91 (10), 105503 (2003)

• Pennycook, T.J., Beck, M.J., Varga, K., Varela, M., Pennycook, S.J., & Pantelides, S.T., Origin of Colossal Ionic Conductivity in Oxide Multilayers: Interface Induced Sublattice Disorder. Physical Review Letters 104 (11), 4. http://dx.doi.org/115901

• 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.115901

• Pennycook, T.J., Oxley, M.P., Garcia-Barriocanal, J., Bruno, F.Y., Leon, C., Santamaria, J., Pantelides, S.T., Varela, M., & Pennycook, S.J., Seeing oxygen disorder in YSZ/SrTiO3 colossal ionic conductor heterostructures using EELS. Eur. Phys. J.-Appl. Phys 54 (3), 11 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/33507

• 10.1051/epjap/2011100413

• Garcia-Barriocanal, J., Rivera-Calzada, A., Varela, M., Sefrioui, Z., Iborra, E., Leon, C., Pennycook, S.J., & Santamaria, J., Colossal ionic conductivity at interfaces of epitaxial ZrO2: Y2O3/SrTiO3 heterostructures. Science 321 (5889), 676-680 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1156393

• Varela, M., Findlay, S.D., Lupini, A.R., Christen, H.M., Borisevich, A.Y., Dellby, N., Krivanek, O.L., Nellist, P.D., Oxley, M.P., Allen, L.J., & Pennycook, S.J., Spectroscopic imaging of single atoms within a bulk solid. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 095502 (2004)

• Varela, M., Gazquez, J., & Pennycook, S.J., STEM-EELS imaging of complex oxides and interfaces. MRS Bulletin 37 (1), 29 (2012)