The source of Earth's internal heat and energy primarily comes from the process of radioactive decay in the planet's core, as well as the residual heat from its initial formation. Radioactive isotopes, such as uranium, thorium, and potassium, are present in the Earth's mantle and core. As these isotopes decay over time, they release heat energy. This heat energy contributes to the Earth's internal temperature and drives processes like mantle convection, which plays a role in plate tectonics and volcanic activity.

The primary source of energy that drives convection within the atmosphere and oceans is the Sun. Solar radiation, which includes visible light, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and infrared (IR) radiation, provides the energy that heats the Earth's surface. This uneven heating of the Earth's surface leads to variations in temperature, causing air and water to warm and rise in some regions and cool and sink in others. This movement of air and water, driven by temperature differences, is what we commonly refer to as convection.

In the atmosphere, this convection is responsible for various weather phenomena, including the formation of clouds, precipitation, and wind patterns. In the oceans, it drives ocean currents, which have a significant impact on climate and marine ecosystems. Overall, the energy from the Sun is the primary driver of convection within the Earth's atmosphere and oceans.

Dr Gaurav H Tandon thank you for your contribution to the discussion

A major source of Earth's heat is radioactivity, the energy released when the unstable atoms decay. The radioactive isotopes uranium-235 (235U), uranium-238 (238U), potassium-40 (40K), and thorium-232 (232Th) in Earth's mantle are the primary source.The flow of heat from Earth's interior to the surface is estimated at 47±2 terawatts (TW) and comes from two main sources in roughly equal amounts: the radiogenic heat produced by the radioactive decay of isotopes in the mantle and crust, and the primordial heat left over from the formation of Earth. Internal heat is the heat source from the interior of celestial objects, such as stars, brown dwarfs, planets, moons, dwarf planets, and (in the early history of the Solar System) even asteroids such as Vesta, resulting from contraction caused by gravity nuclear fusion, tidal heating. The sum of kinetic energy and potential energy of a substance and is the result of the motion of the particles which make up the substance. Heat: It is defined as the transfer of energy from one object to another and is usually the result of the objects with different temperatures. The energy of the sun is the original source of most of the energy found on earth. We get solar heat energy from the sun, and sunlight can also be used to produce electricity from solar (photovoltaic) cells. The sun heats the earth's surface and the Earth heats the air above it, causing wind.The Sun also provides the energy that drives convection in the ocean and produces ocean currents. The Sun generates energy, which is transferred through space to the Earth's atmosphere and surface. Some of this energy warms the atmosphere and surface as heat. There are three ways energy is transferred into and through the atmosphere: radiation. The source of energy that drives mantle convection is heat whereas the source of energy that drives all other is solar energy. Mantle convection is how the Earth's mantle moves due to currents of convection. Water stores more energy than air, so its temperature doesn't change as quickly as air temperature. Thermal energy also moves within the ocean and within the atmosphere through the process of convection. During convection, cooler water or air sinks, and warmer water or air rises. This movement causes currents.