Kindly check the following RG links:

Article Vitamin D Deficiency: Consequence or Cause of Obesity?

Vitamin D deficiency seems to promote the development of a more proatherogenic cardiometabolic risk profile in the obese as well in persons with increased fat mass.

Article The relationship between vitamin D and obesity

Many studies reported the association between vitamin D and adipose tissue metabolism, as well as the possible role of the hormone in obesity, weight, and fat mass distribution. Kindly check:

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ije/2014/841248/

Thanks a lot, dear Sura Saad really thanks.

Several studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is common in children and is associated with increasing age and obesity, and low vitamin D levels increase the risk of obesity in women. However, the impact of vitamin D deficiency on obesity susceptibility is still under debate. Thus, to further investigate the potential role of vitamin D in obesity, we performed the meta-analysis to provide a basis for intervention to obesity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4658869/

People with overweight or obesity often have lower vitamin D levels than people with BMIs in the “normal” range. Still, evidence to suggest that low vitamin D levels cause weight gain or make it more difficult to lose body fat is limited.

https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/low-vitamin-d-and-weight-gain

Vitamin D plays a important role in promoting immune response. It has both anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties, and is crucial for the activation of immune system defenses.

Article The immunological implication of the new Vitamin D metabolism

Vitamin D is a key factor linking innate and adaptive immunity, and both of these functions may be compromised under conditions of vitamin D insufficiency.

Article Vitamin D and immune function: An overview

As per the literature there is a strong relation between vitamin D deficiency and obesity was seen and also to other components of adiposity-related dysmetabolic state.

Vitamin D Deficiency: Consequence or Cause of Obesity?

(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6780345/pdf/medicina-55-00541.pdf)

The following article mentioned about cause of vit.D, effects of D supplementation and metabolic complications in obesity.

(https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13679-015-0176-5.pdf)

Can Vitamin D Help You Lose Weight?

(https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/vitamin-d-weight-loss)

Vit. D leads to many other metabolic and endocrine diseases. Deficiency cause rickets and growth retardation. Obesity importantly associated with low calcium levels i.e. abdominal obesity.

Vitamin D and Obesity (chapter attached)

Extensive literature available Manal.

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Besides vitamin D playing an important role in bone health and calcium homoeostasis, it also may have an 'anti‐obesity' effect. Vitamin D levels correlate inversely with BMI, body weight, abdominal fat and skin fold thickness . https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6532760/

vitamin D deficiency is inversely correlated with increasing age and obesity, and low levels of vitamin D increase the risk of obesity https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4658869/

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Vitamin D is claimed to have an impact not only for maintaining bone health but also for having an association between its deficiency and obesity as some studies found that the concentrations of this vitamin are low in obese individuals

Please have a look at this link

Chapter Vitamin D and Obesity

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Several studies suggesting that the level of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D is associated with obesity. Please have a look at this article

Article A meta-analysis of the relationship between vitamin D defici...

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People in Tropical countries are less prone to Obesity because there’s a direct correlation of Vitamin D in both innate and adaptive immunity . Obesity mostly affects those in the northern hemisphere and research has been done to propose oral supplements of vitamin D.

High Vitamin D deficiency in obese is due to dilution into the greater volumes of fat, serum, liver, and muscle, even though other mechanisms could not completely be excluded, as they may contribute concurrently.

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You’re welcome Dr. Manal Hadi Kanaan.

I think that when vitamin D is reduced, the obesity could increase.

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We have conducted studies on obesity associated Vitamin D insufficiency.

In obese persons, Vitamin D is not deficient but insufficient. Being a fat soluble Vitamin, it is sequestrated in the adipose tissues among obese persons and not available in the blood stream. After weight reduction, adipose tissues are reduced subsequently and the Vitamin D is released.

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The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency among children and adolescents with obesity is extremely high: 96.0% in Germany, 78.4% in the United States, and up to 92.0% in the Russian Federation.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2019.00103/full

Vitamin D makes fat cells more metabolically active by increasing the release of calcium that is stored in fat via a specific membrane vitamin D receptor. Calcium increases fat oxidation, hence increasing burning of fat.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6532760/#__ffn_sectitle

There is an indisputable relation between vitamin D and the immune system. The bottom line on the effect of vitamin D in the immune system is that avoidance of severe vitamin D deficiency improves immune health and decreases susceptibility to autoimmune diseases.

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/5/1248/htm

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Vitamin D is currently considered a hormone. It acts on our body's nonspecific immunity.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SlxLMN40yUg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXZNQWtkrL8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EwNPx_-m2eQ

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In general any thing can be related to any thing but there is no direct concern of Vit D to obesity.

Some living styles based on will of the or some not diagnosed but hidden ailment generate so many metabolic changes as A, B, C, D..... etc. Here A is related to B but A is not the cause of B. Second thing A & B are related and A comes prior to B.

In reference of your question, it is better to write that obesity may make you Vit D deficient but Vit D deficiency may not promote obesity.

And immunity is in a fashion now a days. People are talking about immunity even in absence of any scale of immunity measurement.

corrigendum please read as "Some living styles based on will of the patients or"

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My pleasure Dr Dr. Manal

Abstract

Obesity is defined as an excess amount of body fat and represents a significant health problem worldwide. High prevalence of vitamin D (VD) deficiency in obese subjects is a well-documented finding, most probably due to volumetric dilution into the greater volumes of fat, serum, liver, and muscle, even though other mechanisms could not completely be excluded, as they may contribute concurrently. Low VD could not yet be excluded as a cause of obesity, due to its still incompletely explored effects through VD receptors found in adipose tissue (AT). VD deficiency in obese people does not seem to have consequences for bone tissue, but may affect other organs, even though studies have shown inconsistent results and VD supplementation has not yet been clearly shown to benefit the dysmetabolic state. Hence, more studies are needed to determine the actual role of VD deficiency in development of those disorders. Thus, targeting lifestyle through healthy diet and exercise should be the first treatment option that will affect both obesity-related dysmetabolic state and vitamin D deficiency, killing two birds with one stone. However, VD supplementation remains a treatment option in individuals with residual VD deficiency after weight loss

Vitamin D (VD) is essential for the maintenance of bone tissue, as well as for homeostasis of the minerals calcium and phosphorus. Its receptors have been found all over the human body indicating multiple functions. Since body VD is mainly result of endogenous synthesis it is nowadays often considered as a hormone more than vitamin in the narrow sense. The active form of VD, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), not only stimulates calcium absorption, osteoclastic bone resorption, and osteoblast function and decreases PTH (parathyroid hormone) secretion but also has extraskeletal functions such as decreasing collagen type 1 production, enhancing muscular function, and stimulating cell differentiation, insulin secretion, and the immune system [1]. A severe lack of VD causes osteomalacia in adults and rickets in children, while a less severe deficiency leads to increased bone turnover and consequently a greater risk of bone fractures. Lately, VD deficiency, defined as a serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) below 50 nmol−1 or 20 ng mL−1 [2,3], has been associated with numerous disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, cancer, multiple sclerosis, depression, dementia, psychiatric diseases, and others [4]. Hence, today, VD and its unclear role in the pathogenesis and progression of those disorders represent a trend in Obesity is defined as an excess amount of body fat and represents a significant health problem world-wide. The association between VD deficiency and obesity as well as with obesity-related diseases has been confirmed by numerous studies, but the presence of a causal relationship is still unclear. There are many possible explanations regarding the inverse relationship between increased adiposity, particularly abdominal obesity, and low plasma VD concentrations, as discussed below, but so far none of these hypotheses can completely elucidate this relation. Therefore, it is possible that several mechanisms have an impact on the interaction between VD, obesity, and related diseases. Hence, more studies are needed to investigate each one, not only to investigate the causal relationship, but also to identify and establish VD supplementation treatment that could possibly positively affect adiposity and related disorders. However, so far, studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the clinical implication of VD supplementation, which raises the following main question. Is VD deficiency only a coincidental finding in obese subjects or could it actually have an important role in the development and progression of obesity and chronic illnesses scientific research

please check this link Article Vitamin D Deficiency: Consequence or Cause of Obesity?

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In obesity, vitamin D affects tissue sensitivity to insulin, and systemic inflammation. The direct and paracrine effects of vitamin D lead to VDR activation in pancreatic beta-cells.

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Very interesting topic is discussed there.

Vitamin D is a critical nutrient for both physical and mental health. Functions as diverse as your immune system, bone strength, athletic performance, and your cognitive capabilities are all damaged by low levels of vitamin D. Worse, vitamin D deficiency is very common among people who don’t live near the equator.

Vitamin D is known for helping the body absorb calcium, but it does far more than that—in fact its functions are so widespread that, if it were discovered today, it would probably be categorized as a hormone, not as a vitamin. Because of the wide prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, taking a vitamin D supplement is a very smart call.

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Vitamin effects on the immune system: vitamins A and D take centre stage:

Article Mora JR, Iwata M, von Andrian UHVitamin effects on the immun...

Vitamin D deficiency and childhood obesity: interactions, implications, and recommendations:

https://www.dovepress.com/vitamin-d-deficiency-and-childhood-obesity-interactions-implications-a-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDS

Dear Dr. Manal Hadi Kanaan

Vitamin D is a necessary essential for maintaining both physical and mental wellness. Vitamin D deficiency impairs a variety of functions, including your immune system, bone strength, athletic performance, and cognitive ability. Worse still, vitamin D insufficiency is quite frequent in persons who live far from the equator.

Vitamin D is best recognized for assisting the body in absorbing calcium, but it performs several other activities; in fact, if it were discovered today, it would most likely be classified as a hormone rather than a vitamin. Due to the widespread frequency of vitamin D insufficiency, supplementing with vitamin D is a very wise choice.

Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on General and Central Obesity: Results from 20 Randomized Controlled Trials Involving Apparently Healthy Populations:

https://www.karger.com/Article/Fulltext/507418

Vitamin D makes fat cells more metabolically active by increasing the release of calcium that is stored in fat via a specific membrane vitamin D receptor. Calcium increases fat oxidation, hence increasing the burning of fat.

Article Vitamin D supplementation for overweight or obese adults

A vitamin D deficiency is unlikely to cause weight gain. However, it may cause other health problems or unpleasant symptoms, which are worth avoiding. You can maintain adequate vitamin D levels through a combination of limited sun exposure, a vitamin-D-rich diet, and taking vitamin D supplements.

https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/low-vitamin-d-and-weight-gain

the decrease V.D increase obesity ..

Article Vitamin D Insufficiency in Overweight and Obese Children and...

Niacin, vitamin B-6, and iron: This impressive trio increases your body's production of the amino acid L-carnitine to help burn fat. Calcium, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin B complex, and vitamin C: These provide nutrients that help you function better all around.

https://www.weightnomore.com/speed-up-your-metabolism-with-these-vitamins/

The relationship between vitamin D and obesity:

Article The relationship between vitamin D and obesity

Obese people may take in as much vitamin D from the sun, food, or supplements as people who are not obese, but their blood levels will tend to be lower.

https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/news/20101217/obesity-linked-lower-vitamin-d-levels

Whiting and Calvo reviewed more than 80 studies to draw similar inference and emphasized that food supply cannot be a substitute for vitamin D supply in place of sunlight. Therefore, the Committee agrees outdoor physical activity is a means of achieving both adequate vitamin D status and controlling overweight and obesity in the population.

Whiting SJ and Calvo MS. Dietary recommendations for vitamin D: A critical need for functional end points to establish an estimated average requirement. J Nutr 135: 304-309, 2005.

Several studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is common in children and is associated with increasing age and obesity, and low vitamin D levels increase the risk of obesity in women.

Article A meta-analysis of the relationship between vitamin D defici...

Obesity Is Linked to Vitamin D Deficiency:

https://www.livescience.com/26961-obesity-causes-vitamin-d-deficiency.html

Much of the vitamin D produced in the skin or ingested is distributed in fat tissue, she says. For that, obese people may take in as much vitamin D from the sun, food, or supplements as people who are not obese, but their blood levels will tend to be lower.

https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/news/20101217/obesity-linked-lower-vitamin-d-levels

The benefits of the sunshine vitamin are no secret. Besides boosting mood and promoting calcium absorption, recent studies have shown that vitamin D may also aid in weight loss. For people with extra belly fat, a vitamin D supplement may be beneficial.

https://renuerx.com/general-health/can-vitamin-d-help-you-lose-weight-the-link-between-vitamin-d-and-belly-fat/

Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity:

https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/72/3/690/4729361

Vitamin D Deficiency and Related Disorders:

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/128762-overview

“Much of the vitamin D produced in the skin or ingested is distributed in fat tissue,” she says. “So obese people may take in as much vitamin D from the sun, food, or supplements as people who are not obese, but their [blood] levels will tend to be lower.”

Vitamin D deficiency can result from inadequate exposure to sunlight; malabsorption; accelerated catabolism from certain medications; and, in infants, the minimal amount of vitamin D found in breast milk. In children, vitamin D deficiency can result in rickets, which presents as bowing of the legs; in adults, it results in osteomalacia.

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/128762-overview?uac=430151MT&faf=1&sso=true&impID=4177407&src=mkm_ret_220421_mscpmrk_ous_int

A recent study involving vitamin D and weight, which has yet to be peer-reviewed, found that men with overweight or obesity were significantly more likely to have inadequate 25(OH)D levels of < 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L) independent of demographic and lifestyle factors.

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/971046

Despite vitamin D is important for our bones, muscles, nerves, immune system, and more. If we get too much, it could lead to a rare and possibly serious condition called vitamin D toxicity. The condition can bring symptoms like weakness and vomiting. It can also affect kidneys or heart rhythm:

https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/vitamin-d-overdose

An international study on vitamin D supplements and depression found the pills could alleviate depression symptoms. But too many vitamin D supplements can lead to toxicity, which could cause hospitalization.

https://www.insider.com/vitamin-d-supplements-may-reduce-depression-symptoms-study-2022-8

In conclusion, vitamin D may have a role in obesity. The best form of vitamin D for use in the obese individuals is calcitriol because it is the active form of the vitamin D3 metabolite, its receptors are present in adipocytes, and modulates inflammatory cytokine expression

Article The beneficial role of Vitamin D in obesity: Possible geneti...

Vitamin D deficiency and childhood obesity have been classified as epidemics throughout the world, and both share some common risk factors including poor diet and inactivity. Observational and clinical studies show that vitamin D status and fat mass are inversely correlated. It is not clear whether vitamin D deficiency contributes to, or is a consequence of obesity, or whether there are regulatory interactions between excess adiposity and vitamin D activity. The effects of this deficiency in childhood obesity appear to have negative influences on overall health, including insulin resistance, inflammation, and impeded bone mineralization, as well as increased future risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. The rather ubiquitous distribution of the vitamin D receptor and the 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1a-hydroxylase throughout the body, including evidence for a role of vitamin D in adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism, may in part explain these widespread effects. Most of the findings to date suggest that the vitamin D needs of obese children are greater than the nonobese. Although ultraviolet B-induced skin synthesis is a main source of vitamin D, its use is neither feasible nor prudent due to limited sun availability for many and concerns for skin cancer. Likewise, obtaining adequate vitamin D from natural food sources alone is generally not achievable, and even in countries that allow fortification, vitamin D intakes are low. Therefore, in obese children, vitamin D supplementation is warranted. Weight loss interventions using energy restriction and physical activity may also improve the poor vitamin D status associated with obesity. More research is needed to define optimal vitamin D status in this vulnerable population, including investigations to determine the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in attenuating the conditions associated with childhood obesity, and to further elucidate the mechanisms by which vitamin D exerts its effects on heal

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Vitamin D: Recent Findings and Implications for Clinical Practice:

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/982190?src=WNL_trdalrt_pos1_ous_221017&uac=430151MT&impID=4758666

Kindly have a look at this article :

Article Vitamin D and the Immune System

Leptin is responsible for the development of obesity and Vitamin D is a factor for producing Leptin.

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Vitamin D deficiency increases mortality risk and raising levels even slightly could decrease the risk, researchers examining data from the UK Biobank have found.

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/982923?src=WNL_trdalrt_pos1_ous_221026&uac=430151MT&impID=4793536

Vitamin D deficiency has a causative role in the systemic inflammation that commonly accompanies it, with inflammation declining, reflected by reductions in elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), as vitamin D levels increase to normal levels, new research shows.

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/979452

A recent study found that people with obesity have lower blood levels of vitamin D than people of healthy weight. This association of obesity with low vitamin D levels has led to much speculation on whether low vitamin D levels cause obesity or whether obesity causes low vitamin D levels. The interest in this topic is piqued by the possibility that if vitamin D deficiency causes obesity, perhaps treatment could be as simple as providing vitamin D supplementation to enhance weight loss.

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/985973?src=wnl_recnlnew1_ous_221229_MSCPEDIT_&uac=430151MT&impID=5044253#vp_1

People who are overweight or have obesity appear to show a blunted response to vitamin D supplementation compared with normal weight individuals in a new analysis of a randomized trial.

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2800490

According to an article by Science News, vitamin D is important for fighting infection, absorbing calcium and maintaining a healthy immune system. The underlying mechanism that would explain why being obese suppresses vitamin D is still a matter of debate.

Vitamin D plays an essential role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion mechanisms, and inflammation associated with obesity.

According to the current web page context, vitamin D deficiency has been linked to obesity. Vitamin D plays a role in regulating body weight by reducing inflammation and improving insulin sensitivity.

Vitamin D also plays a role in supporting the body’s immunity. It helps to regulate the immune system and reduce inflammation.

It is important to note that while vitamin D may play a role in combating obesity and supporting the body’s immunity, it is not a cure-all. A healthy diet and regular exercise are also important for maintaining a healthy weight and supporting the immune system.

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Adults aged 60 or older who took high monthly doses of vitamin D for 5 years failed to show a significant drop in risk for cardiovascular (CV) events in general but may have benefited for other CV outcomes in an analysis from a large prospective randomized trial.

https://www.bmj.com/content/381/bmj-2023-075230

Oral vitamin D supplementation nearly halved the rates of suicide and intentional self-harm in a study of US veterans, with an even stronger effect among Black veterans.

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/987738

People who are overweight or have obesity appear to show a blunted response to vitamin D supplementation compared with normal weight individuals in a new analysis of a randomized trial.

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/987009

Vitamin D supplementation may help reduce depressive symptoms

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/896449