We are preparing solutions of Multiwalled carbon nanotubes with base fluid water and with 0.25, 0.5, 1.5 and 2 volume fractions of MWCNT. We are using the two step process.
Also can we apply this frequency for various concentrations?
The duration of use may have a greater effect. Note that longer periods may also cause particles to accelerate and accumulate. Frequency change can be tested in three modes, but it is usually better to answer ultrasonic probes, and it is also better to Surface modification of MWCNT
Hello Mr. Nikhil,
Use 1 hour of probe-type sonication and 9 hours of bath-type sonication at 35kHz frequency, you may get 72hrs of stability in the nanofluid.
Again it depends on the purity and surface modification of MWCNT and application of your nanofluid.
Adjust the frequency to sonication probe or tip (length, diameter and so on) depends,ultra-sonication raises the temperature of nanofluids which can diminish the thermal properties of nanofluids.Therefore, an optimum sonication time must be estimated for the superior stability and thermal properties of nanofluids.In an ultrasonic bath, cavitation occurs non-conformable and uncontrollably distributed through the tank, the erosion marks occur only spot-wise. Hence, ultrasonic baths are mostly used for cleaning applications.
Hello Mr. Nikhil
Generally you should be clear about how much stable you require. Generally you may use surfactants to get better stability but it may compromise your thermal properties. And your time of sonication and stability again depend on following properties
1) pH level of fluid
2) Type of surfactants
3) density of fluid ( 50:50, 40:60 etc)
4) Quality of your MWCNT etc
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