Traditional knowledge (TK) is the old/ancient practice which prevail in certain societies and is transferred from numerous generations. These are usually not codified and documented and thus, a technology (May be GIS) is needed to document these information related to TK for its future application or extraction of these valuable information.
I can’t add much to what Abdul has said as far as the specifics of indigenous technology are concerned. But what I do know from my experience in knowledge management is that there is ALWAYS more to the knowledge than just the technology - how to use it, when to use it, when not to use it, why you use it just like that, what to do if something goes wrong etc.
There is very little KM literature on this topic. One paper I do know, although it concentrates on the heritage in general not the technology, is by a former colleague of mine:
Shaw, D., & McGregor, G. (2010). Making memories available: A framework for preserving rural heritage through community knowledge management (ckm). Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 8(2), 121-134.
You might also want to look at work by Ron Donaldson.
The modern technology using the national resources whereas the indigenous technology uses alternate material. For example instead of using coal and lime from factory if you use charcoal and seashell mortar for Housing construction.