Dear Albayati,
% removal defines the total amount of adsorbate adsorbed with respect to the total amount of adsorbate taken. However, qt describes the the amount of adsorbate adsorbed per unit mass of adsorbent.
In this context, it is important to note that, qe is not related with the % removal, qt is related to % removal. qe can be compared with the % removal at the eqilibrium condition.
Kindly help
Percent removal indicates percentage of metal removal or adsorption?
Dear Dr. Talib
q is the amount of adsorbed on the surface of the absorbent material was calculated from the difference between the initial and residual oil concentrations at different test time as follows.
qt=Vs (Ci-Ct )/m
and the removal percentage or (Efficiency of adsorption) refer to the total amount of adsorbed with respect to the total initial concentration of adsorbent was calculated as follows.
%E=(Ci-Ct )/Ci
qe defines adsorption capacity i.e. unit weight of adsorbate (mg) adsorbent on per gram of adsorbent and is expressed as mg/g.
Removal % defines the quantity of adsorbate removed in percentage (%) from a particular volume of adsorbate soluton. Higher the percentage removal cleaner is the treated effluent.
% of removal is with respect to solution side that is how much of adsorbate is removed from the solution. It is calculated based on the initial concentration and final concentration of adsorbate in solution.
But qe is with respect to adsorbent.How much of adsorbate loaded on the surface of the adsorbent at equilibrium. Unit is mg/g.
"% removal" is probably associated with the progress of the process, thus: 100% * (Co-Cf) / Co, but also 100% * (mo-mf) / mo (o - initial value, f - final value). For V = const. it is of course the same. qe, in turn, relates to the mass adsorbed in equilibrium to the mass of adsorbent. Regards,
Actually % removal describes the overall removal of pollutants or heavy metal Swati Rastogi , qt is the capacity of adsorbent to adsorb that pollutant at time t until reached equilibrium where you will get qe (the adsorbent capacity at equilibrium) . Removal % is usually used to get enough knowledge about the optimum conditions regarding pollutant removal i.e pH, Time, temperature , dose, initial pollutant concentration etc. afterwards equilibrium and kinetics could be used to validate optimum conditions with respect to applicable model. however in general term qe is more important factor during adsorption process to know about the capacity of any adsorbent.
The sorption removal efficiency (%) is calculate by following equation:
removal efficiency %= [(C0 - Ce)/C0] x100
and qe is the equilibrium adsorption capacity (mg/g)
qe= (C0 - Ce )x V/ m
Where C0 and Ce are the initial and equilibrium adsorbate (pollutant: dye, heavy metals,…) concentrations (mg/L), respectively. V is the volume (L) of the solution containing the adsorbate and m is the adsorbent mass (g).
% Removal means the amount of waste removed in percent format
and it is proportional to the initial and final concentration of adsorbate.
qe ( mg/g) is connected with how many milligrams of adsorbate is adsorbed by the adsorbent.