Pyrolysis means heating the material in an inert environment. A good example is coal pyrolysis to generate volatile organic compounds, tar, and ash.

To better understand the pyrolysis process, you can download (from my ResearchGate.Net) profile my papers on coal pyrolysis.

Carbonization is a similar term but is intended to increase the carbon content in the material. For example, the carbonization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) materials to produce carbon fibers. Sometimes, carbonization is also called graphitization.

To better understand the carbonization, please feel free to download my papers on carbon fibers reinforced polymers.

Notice that both pyrolysis and carbonization are done by heating the material in an interest environment. If oxygen/air in present, then oxidation will occur which is not the intent here.

Hope this helps answer your question.

This depends on your definition of pyrolysis and the process parameters. Pyrolysis is the thermal degradation of a carbonaceous material in the absence of oxygen. Carbonisation is the degradation of a material in the absence of oxygen. Where they have differed is in the processing time and temperature where carbonisation has typically be used for slow pyrolysis where material has been slowly pyrolysed over hours and days to make a primary product of charcoal. Due to the nature of some of the processes,which can be very basic and rudimentary, air can be added to "fuel" the process to start generating heat and therefore some air has been added to burn the material.

Both are the same thing in practice, time and temperature may vary.

The difference is minor or even nonexistent. Both of them are carried out in an inert environment (either Ar or N2). Both of them are carried out in the same temperature range, although residence times and heating rates might vary. The main/only difference lies in the objective of the process: carbonization goal is to maximize the char solid product, while pyrolysis aims to maximize liquid hydrocarbon production. In order to maximize the desired products, carbonization is carried out with small step-wise heating rates (which implies longer residence times), while pyrolysis is usually carried out with fast heating rates (sometimes reaching the maximum temperature in a single step change, requiring short residence times). Indeed in literature the carbonization is also called slow pyrolysis and pyrolysis is called...fast pyrolysis (not very creative name). In practice, you can use the same reactor, feedstock and atmosphere to do both processes, if you get high yield of solid product you call it carbonization(or slow pyrolysis), if not you call it pyrolysis.

It could be possible make a pyrolysis in CO2 atmospher? I mean to try obtain a microporous material caron aerogel parting from Resorcinol/Formaldehyde.

carbonization means end product is mostly carbon obtained after heating without air at above 500 C where as extreme carbonization at rapid phase is called pyrolysis in very less time. Both are inert atmosphere thermal degradation processes.

pl also see similar words like combustion, cracking and burning etc for more clearity

The only differences relate to the use of the word in generic and specific terms Carbonisation was/is used when typically the primary goal is charcoal from the slow heating of biomass pieces in inert or almost inert conditions, usually in a crude unit. Pyrolysis is the more generic term for the thermal decomposition of carbonaceous matter in the absence of oxygen (N2 or other inert atmosphere) and can apply to any processing conditions, hence we have slow, fast, ultra and other derivatives for pyrolysis.