Internet of Things is about connecting "Things" ( Objects and Machines) to the internet and eventually to each other; while Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) are integration of computation, networking and physical process. However we have not come across clear comparison/ distinction so far.
this is exactly one of my my current activities dealing with CPS systems. here is our current understanding and definition from my current project:
Cyber-Physical Systems Definition:
Cyber-Physical Systems are systems that integrate computing elements with the physical components and processes. The computing elements coordinate and communicate with sensors, which monitor cyber and physical indicators, and actuators, which modify the cyber and physical environment. Cyber-Physical Systems use sensors to connect all distributed intelligence in the environment to gain a deeper knowledge of the environment, which enables a more accurate actions and tasks.
Compact definition:
Cyber-Physical Systems consists of computation, communication and control components tightly combined with physical processes of different domains such as mechanical, electrical, and chemical.
if you need to reference this definition you can reference it like this:
Dr. Naoufel Boulila, Cyber-Physical Systems: Structure, Communication and Behavior. The European High Impact Initiative for Cyber Physical Systems. Munich Germany, 2015
The official document will be out soon.
Internet of Things
IoT is the technology enabling the inter-connection of all types of devices through the internet to exchange data, optimize processes, monitor devices in order to generate benefits for the industry, the economy, and the end user. It is composed of network of sensors, actuators, and devices, forming new systems and services.
Industrie 4.0, smart factories, Cyber Physical production Systems (CPPS), and IoT
The term "Industrie 4.0" refers to the fourth industrial revolution. It originates from a project in the high-tech strategy of the German government, which promotes the computerization of manufacturing. That includes the integration of logistics and production.
if IoT is the basic infrastructure, then on top of that comes CPS, CPPS, and IoS, and the whole is industrie 4.0
the relationship is illustrated in a layered Model that i will upload soon.
if you need any additional information, pleas let me know.
take care
Update 02.11.2015: added the industry 4.0, IoT, Cyber Physcial layers
Please have a look at the following documents:
Technical Report Cyber-Physical Systems and Industry 4.0: Properties, Structu...
Technical Report Guidelines for Modeling Cyber-Physical Systems – A Three-Lay...
Hi Rajesh,
i don't have a distinct definition either, but from my understanding, CPS is more related to physical objects and machines, while the IoT is a little bit more abstract and allows the integration of service and not only physical objects.
Furthermore, my understanding of CPS is more concentrated on concrete development scenarios and does not target of providing data outside the original scenario. This is also a difference to the IoT that would make its data and services available more open.
But this is just my two cents...
Best,
Marc
Good question! In my opinion, all IoT devices are Cyber Phisical Systems, but CPSs are not necessarily connected to the Internet and thus, not necessarily IoT devices. This is where I see the main difference.
Best regards,
Hi Rajesh,
Our research group in South Korea considered the Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) to be Critical Infrastructures such as Atomic-Chemical Power Plants, control of which is fully computerized. The Internet of Thing is refereed to a Smart Cyberspace providing ubiquitous connectivity to Smart Computational Devices and Mobility 24/7 via Internet worldwide.
Best regards,
Hello,
Cyber Physical System (CPS) is a mechatronic system in which entities are connected to each other through wired or wireless solutions with means of information and communication technology. Another synonym for CPS can be Industry 4.0 which refers to fourth generation of Industrial Revolution.
However, Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the fundamental part of a CPS which is Connection and Communication of entities through internet. So, in short the scope of CPS is broader and IT is the heart of CPS.
I know 3 difference approach to this theme:
CPS it contains IoT: "Machine-to-Machine Communications With In-Network Data Aggregation, Processing, and Actuation for Large-Scale Cyber-Physical Systems"
CPS = IoT: "Designing a Cyber-Physical Cloud Computing Architecture"
CPS is similar to IoT: "A Survey on Human-in-the-Loop Applications Towards an Internet of All"
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6766661&queryText=Machine-to-Machine+Communications+With+In-Network+Data+Aggregation%2C+Processing%2C+and+Actuation+for+Large-Scale+Cyber-Physical+Systems&newsearch=true&searchField=Search_All
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7116443&queryText=Designing+a+Cyber-Physical+Cloud+Computing+Architecture&newsearch=true&searchField=Search_All
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7029083&queryText=A+Survey+on+Human-in-the-Loop+Applications+Towards+an+Internet+of+All&newsearch=true&searchField=Search_All
this is exactly one of my my current activities dealing with CPS systems. here is our current understanding and definition from my current project:
Cyber-Physical Systems Definition:
Cyber-Physical Systems are systems that integrate computing elements with the physical components and processes. The computing elements coordinate and communicate with sensors, which monitor cyber and physical indicators, and actuators, which modify the cyber and physical environment. Cyber-Physical Systems use sensors to connect all distributed intelligence in the environment to gain a deeper knowledge of the environment, which enables a more accurate actions and tasks.
Compact definition:
Cyber-Physical Systems consists of computation, communication and control components tightly combined with physical processes of different domains such as mechanical, electrical, and chemical.
if you need to reference this definition you can reference it like this:
Dr. Naoufel Boulila, Cyber-Physical Systems: Structure, Communication and Behavior. The European High Impact Initiative for Cyber Physical Systems. Munich Germany, 2015
The official document will be out soon.
Internet of Things
IoT is the technology enabling the inter-connection of all types of devices through the internet to exchange data, optimize processes, monitor devices in order to generate benefits for the industry, the economy, and the end user. It is composed of network of sensors, actuators, and devices, forming new systems and services.
Industrie 4.0, smart factories, Cyber Physical production Systems (CPPS), and IoT
The term "Industrie 4.0" refers to the fourth industrial revolution. It originates from a project in the high-tech strategy of the German government, which promotes the computerization of manufacturing. That includes the integration of logistics and production.
if IoT is the basic infrastructure, then on top of that comes CPS, CPPS, and IoS, and the whole is industrie 4.0
the relationship is illustrated in a layered Model that i will upload soon.
if you need any additional information, pleas let me know.
take care
Update 02.11.2015: added the industry 4.0, IoT, Cyber Physcial layers
Please have a look at the following documents:
Technical Report Cyber-Physical Systems and Industry 4.0: Properties, Structu...
Technical Report Guidelines for Modeling Cyber-Physical Systems – A Three-Lay...
From what little I was able to understand, the difference is more about the perspective. Researchers in different departments/communities seem to use different names and solve different subsets of problems, all of which are ultimately required to make it happen.
Most engineering disciplines (particularly EE, ME, AE) and a subset of CS (mostly verification, software, and systems people) call it CPS. The interplay between computational devices that interact with dynamical systems (differential equations), issues regarding discritization of these equations, and lack of proper bit representation of continuous time in cyber world and how to work around this seem to be the common thread. Most commonly referred to application is smart grids.
IoT is more popular term with industry, artificial intelligence, and wireless networks people. I think industry likes this because it appears more marketable to non-technical (management) people. Here the center stage question appears to be collective intelligence and a lot of discrete decision making. Meaning, there are lots of sensors, but not many physical world actuation. One common example used is "smart" refrigerators which can use sensors to find the amount and type of food in the refrigerator, and can automatically order food through the internet. Another example is smart traffic lights, where different lights can communicate over the network and collectively figure out how best to route traffic. As you can see, there is no direct actuation of the physical world (at least in a dynamical systems setting).
Thank you for your answers and contributions !!! We may need to define clearly characteristics of IOT and CPS and them compare. Checklist about what is IOT and What is CPS. I will try to come across accordingly.
Looking forward to get few more answers.
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are physical and engineered systems whose operations are monitored, coordinated, controlled and integrated by a computing and communication core. Just as the internet transformed how humans interact with one another, cyber-physical systems will transform how we interact with the physical world around us,While Internet ofTthing(IoT) is the internetworking of physical devices, vehicles, buildings and other items—embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data though the internet, so we can infer that CPS can be specified just for specific systems like physical and engineered systems while IoT can be related to multiple and biggest domains like embedded systems, wireless sensor networks, control systems, automation (including home and building automation).
Can you recomend any papers, journal articles or other literature that outlines the distinctions outlined above ?
According to ISO/IEC JTC1 2015 both terms are exchangeable for instance CPS are used more in USA while in EU IoT is more dominant. Nevertheless, in my opinion there some minor differences between them in applications. the CPS are more oriented for vertical integration and communication between the cyber word of computation and software and physical world of objects. whereas IoT is applicable for horizontal application like machine-2-machine solution etc.
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