As far as the last mile deliveries are concerned, the choice of delivery mode by the consumer is much important to conclude what can be the best alternative for doing so.
The choice for last mile delivery mode is a function of several factors such as type of product, size of product, cost of the product, urgency of the product, availability of the consumer to collect the parcel when delivered, etc.
In my view, the consumers' choice should be taken into consideration in addition to the perspective of freight service provider.