Application of nanomaterials in agriculture is to reduce the applied amount of plan protection products, to minimize nutrient losses in fertilization and increased the yields through an optimized nutrient management. Nanotechnology helps to improve agricultural production by increasing the efficiency of inputs and minimizing relevant losses. Nanomaterials offer a wider specific surface area to fertilizers and pesticides. Application of nanofertilizers leads to increase in the production of photosynthates, dry matter and yield in crop plants. Indirectly these fertilizers help in achieving agricultural sustainability by reducing the input of harmful chemical fertilizers. Nanotechnology helps to improve agricultural production by increasing the efficiency of inputs and minimizing relevant losses. Nanomaterials offer a wider specific surface area to fertilizers and pesticides. NMs and nanotechnology in fertilizers will effectively promote fertilizers' absorption and utilization, thus improving the agronomic parameters of crops. It can also reduce the environmental pollution caused by the volatilization and leaching of chemical fertilizers.

Nanoparticles facilitate a smart delivery system of nutrients with the targeted cellular approach in plants as well as in the rhizosphere. The nanopolymers and nano fertilizers also benefit the plant in stress resistance, crop nutrient quality and improve water use efficiency. Nanotechnology helps to improve agricultural production by increasing the efficiency of inputs and minimizing relevant losses. Nanomaterials offer a wider specific surface area to fertilizers and pesticides. Nanotechnology applications may assist with obtaining accurate spatial information about the location of a nutrient or bioactive food component in a tissue, cell, or cellular component. Iron nanoparticles (Fe-NP) have been used as a source of Fe for plant nutrition. It is well known that Fe is necessary for the synthesis of chlorophyll in plants. A deficiency of this mineral cause’s leaf chlorosis.Application of nanomaterials in agriculture is to reduce the applied amount of plan protection products, to minimize nutrient losses in fertilization and increased the yields through an optimized nutrient management. Nanomaterials improved contents of nutrition characteristics in various plants via modulating nutrient concentrations, increasing chlorophyll content, enhanced photosynthetic activity, and enhancing key enzymes activity. Nano-based target delivery approach is used for crop improvement. Nanopesticides can be used for efficient crop protection. Uses of nanosensors and computerized controls greatly contribute to precision farming. Nanomaterials can also be used to promote plant stress tolerance and soil enhancement.

@ RK, all required nutrients ( primary, secondary and micronutrients) by plants can be prepared in nano-size by physical, chemical, aerosol and biological techniques and very well be used as plant nutrition with recommended doses. Some of the nanoparticles such as Cu, Ag, S, TiO2, Au, Al, ZnO, Fe, Se and cerium oxide proved to be efficient against plant biotic and abiotic stresses. Beside this, Mg and TiO2 nanoparticles found to be efficient enough to trap more solar radiation by plant leaves.

I agree with Dr J C Tarafdar that Ideally, nanotechnology could provide devices and mechanisms to synchronize the release of nitrogen (from fertilizers) with its uptake by crops; the nanofertilizers should release the nutrients on-demand while preventing them from prematurely converting into chemical/gaseous forms that cannot be absorbed by plants. Application of nanomaterials in agriculture is to reduce the applied amount of plan protection products, to minimize nutrient losses in fertilization and increased the yields through an optimized nutrient management. Nanoparticles facilitate a smart delivery system of nutrients with the targeted cellular approach in plants as well as in the rhizosphere. The nanopolymers and nano fertilizers also benefit the plant in stress resistance, crop nutrient quality and improve water use efficiency. Nano-based target delivery approach is used for crop improvement. Nanopesticides can be used for efficient crop protection. Uses of nanosensors and computerized controls greatly contribute to precision farming. Nanomaterials can also be used to promote plant stress tolerance and soil enhancement. Nanomaterials can increase crop yield by increasing fertilizer nutrient availability in soil and nutrient uptake by plants. These materials can suppress crop diseases by acting directly on phytopathogens through a variety of mechanisms, including the production of reactive oxygen species. Nanotechnology applications may assist with obtaining accurate spatial information about the location of a nutrient or bioactive food component in a tissue, cell, or cellular component. Iron nanoparticles (Fe-NP) have been used as a source of Fe for plant nutrition. It is well known that Fe is necessary for the synthesis of chlorophyll in plants. A deficiency of this mineral cause’s leaf chlorosis. A nanomaterial in agriculture is to reduce the applied amount of plan protection products, to minimize nutrient losses in fertilization and increased the yields through an optimized nutrient management. These engineered materials are composed of nanoparticles containing macro- and micronutrients that are delivered to the plant rhizosphere in a regulated manner. In nanofertilizers, the essential minerals and nutrients (such as N, P, K, Fe, and Mn) are bonded alone or in combination with nano-dimensional adsorbents.