Positivism is basically a position or approach which emphasizes that the scientific method is the only way to establish truth and objective reality. For instance, one can imagine using scientific methods to carry out research on wizards? The positivists would conclude that wizards do not exist because the scientific method does not
yield any tangible results on the nature of wizards. Positivism is based on the
view that natural science is the only foundation for true knowledge. It holds
that the methods, techniques, and procedures used in natural science that offer
the best framework for investigating the social world. Similarly, Interpretivism’ is used as a term for a number of approaches to research. Primarily the areas can be sorted into two distinct groups: ‘empirical interpretivism’ and ‘critical theory’. The former deals with investigation in natural settings of social phenomena; the latter engages in ideologically orientated investigation, examining current thought and social structures.
In positivism or post-positivism, the purpose of research
is to predict, test a theory, and find the strength of relationships between
variables or a cause-effect relationship. For a comprehensive review, I would suggest to go through the articles at the following links:
Positivism, which is one view as to how knowledge is created and which is highly favoured by researchers, theorizes that behaviour can be predicted and that cause-and-effect relationships are clear and pervasive Burrell and Morgan (1979). This contrasts sharply with the Interpretivist paradigm which holds a subjective view of reality and its anti-positivist epistemology which is concerned with explaining individuals’ perception of organizations and society and which seeks to understand the subjective individual and organizational processes that shape and control behaviour. Article attached elaborates: