No society on the planet wants to be in the same situation as the Indus Valley people were 3,500 years ago, where for their 1,000 cities and for their 5 million people, made the mistake of cutting down all of the forests for hundreds of miles around them, to fire the bricks to build those cities, and then the rain stopped, and all 1,000 cities were abandoned.

See http://www.ecoseeds.com/8-ending-civilization.pdf and also read https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/does-rain-come-from-life-in-the-clouds --when we lower the number of the Pseudomonas native host trees, the rainfall goes down worldwide in places that were already arid.

Furthermore, the native arid grasslands of the area from western India to Morocco are being grazed too closely each year, exposing the bare soil that does two very bad things--(1.) Sun hits the bare soil, no insulating vegetation to stop sun's heat from being absorbed and then heating the air, increasing global warming. See http://www.ecoseeds.com/cool.html and (2.) Atmospheric dust clouds form, which cancel out rain clouds, and there is one big dust cloud that forms over Pakistan and Arabia each summer, blocking the Indian monsoon rains from falling on the lands from Pakistan to Arabia each year. And in doing that blocking action, can stall the rain clouds, and cause floods as it has been doing frequently for 30 years or more in normally dry parts of Pakistan and Arabia, that you can read about in http://www.ecoseeds.com/cool2.html

So, the only way to make forestry "sustainable" is for the local people to realize that the forests, including their monetary value, also have a critical life-or-death environmental value, and the trees are their societal guardians, allowing the people to exist in that area, bringing the rainfall for you for your own survival.

And like the Jains of the Western Ghats of India, everyone on the planet needs to apply a sense of the "sacredness" to their forests, so that each tree gains respect, and that each person will become the guardians of each tree, as the Jains do for their sacred forests, that you can read about in the 1976 Economic Botany article at Article Sacred Groves of Western Ghats in India

Thanks Craig Carlton Dremann for very informative answer.

Yes, with out forests human survival is difficult and every individual should play his/her part.

It could be 'Sustained yield Plantations' than SYF. Forests are self sustainable if 'Homa sapiens are distanced and kept away from forests. Forests are natural and plantations are man made.

Thanks Swaminathan Chitraputhira Pillai for your helpful views to understand the issue under consideration.

The fundamental qualities of any typical forest is it suatainability potential with or without human interference. The concept of managing a forest for maximum production of good and services on a sustainable scale could be termed sustained yield forestry. Forest resources can be made sustainable if only mankind can allow the forest to regenerate naturally and grow without any disturbance. Such forest resources will be sustainable for the current and future generations.

Thanks Moses Fayiah for simple and meaningful definition.

Are we producing any interesting answers for you so far? Had a chance to check the Pseudomonas host-tree issue, about the trees producing rainfall? That might be the primary reason to do sustainable forest across the planet, so that you do not make the mistake of the Indus Valley people 3,500 years ago, when you cut down the trees, you zero out your annual rainfall, to the point where you must abandon your 1,000 cities?

Thanks Craig Carlton Dremann for your thoughtful comments on the issue under consideration.

Dear Mr. Asad Ali Khan

In my opinion . Forest production can be sustainable if the number of trees or wood that is cut must be equal or greater than the trees planted. As a concept we can easily convey it but it is difficult to put into practice in the field

Regards

Thanks Basuki Wasis adding valuable answer.

Yes, number of cut over trees must not exceed the number trees planted during a specific period of time so that the cutover segment of land must recede easily, and this should be a permanent practice. But, this is only one aspect of sustained yield forestry.

I am still voting for one or both of these items, absolutely MUST be added, to make the concept of forestry "sustainability" have a solid foundation underneath it--1.) An environmental ethical system that everyone respects planet-wide, such as the forests are SACRED, so the trees are respected, like in India by the Jains in the Western Ghats, and/or 2.) the forests are considered Environmentally Critical, to keep producing the rain clouds, like in Oman above the town of Salalah, so their ecosystem-holding-together value is priceless, compared to their raw timber value. And without them, like the Indus Valley people 3,500 years ago, might need to abandon your 1,000 cities if you do not have the respect or consider them Environmentally Critical?

Thanks Craig Carlton Dremann for your valuable views.

Based on my opinion, forest production can be sustainable if number of trees or wood that is cut be equal or greater than the trees planted. As a concept we can easily convey it but it is difficult to put into practice in the field, and one thing more is planting more cutting less.

With Best Regards,

Thanks Mujib Rahma for your valuable answer. Previously

same answer was added by Basuki Wasis. To my opinion what you mentioned is just one aspect of sustained yield forestry.

Dear Mr Asad Ali Khan

In my opinion to preserve the forest, the orientation of forest products is not only to produce wood. We must dare to assess the function of forests as environmental services, for example as regulators of water systems and oxygen producers. So that the owner of the land planted with the forest then he gets compensation funds as a substitute if not cutting down the tree.

Regards

Thanks Basuki Wasis your suggestion is worthwhile.

Sustained Yield Use is a form of forestry and natural resource management that aims at "not killing the hen that lays the golden egg". While the concept is mainly used for natural resources, particularly forestry, and fishing, it can, however, also be applicable to all economic activities with a capital resource, production timeline, consumption, and surplus management. Sustained yield ensures the feasibility of continuous, long-term exploitation of available resources to obtain regular harvests. Sustained yield use is most commonly actively applied in forestry. Forest management goes back to Feudal Europe when the large landowners depended on the income from their holdings to maintain their castles and armies. Sustained yield use of natural resources can be an economic or an ecological necessity or both.

Forest management can involve both economic and ecological imperatives. Lumber industries, such as sawmilling and paper manufacturing, can be profitable on a long-term basis only if the forest can be sustained. It involves harvesting a modest crop of timber year on year and counterbalancing losses by annual growth. The most important element is the crop rotation or the time each crop needs to grow fully before it can be harvested and re-planted. In theory, a sustained yield could be obtained by harvesting one-seventh or one-tenth of the trees being harvested and planting more of them.

Source: https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/sustained-yield-use-in-forestry-and-natural-resource-management.html

Thanks Pervez Manan for your thought provoking response about sustained yield forestry.

Dear Asad,

among forest resources, deadwood is one the most important and is increasingly being used as an indicator for assessing the good health and naturalness of forest ecosystems.

Have a look at the paper below relative to sustainable use and mamagement of deadwood in forests.

Best wishes

Francesca

Article Effect of deadwood management on saproxylic beetle richness ...

Thanks Francesca Della Rocca for providing valuable information about the issue under consideration.

I'm a just student, so it is difficult for me to answer this question, but I think the problem is difficulty of evaluating forest value. I can understand how forest is important for every livings, but people who don't have interest about nature, it is difficult for them to understand how forestry is important.

Thanks Jun Ishizawa for your valuable view about the issue under discussion.

Sustained yield means production of yield on a regular basis for a longer period of time. For sustained yield to occur the annual cut shall not exceed the annual growth. For example in Nepal, scientific forest management has been applied in Shorea robusta forests mainly in collaborative forest of Terai plains and later in community forests of hills too. Previously only planting and conservation was emphasized which tend to rot the trees causing huge economic losses. As these type of practices has just started it takes time for results as Shorea has rotation of 80 years. There was initially huge opposition from stakeholders and local people. But to gain a healthy forest we need to sacrifice the old one.

There must be extensive research that the theory of sustained yield is actually prevalent in field or not. Forestry is a practice that occurs in a complex natural and social setting. Also the management practices must be good withstanding fire, theft and encroachment. The management plan plays a key role here. It should suit the scenario in which it is being made and should be implemented with precision.Constant research is required.

Thanks Divya Bhattarai for your very informative answer.

Dear Dr. Khan, Check these two attached documents. They might be insightful in understanding the sustained-yield forestry concept.

Elbakidze M. et al. Sustained Yield Forestry in Sweden and Russia: How Does it Correspond to Sustainable Forest Management Policy? AMBIO 2013, 42:160–173. Youtz JA, Vandendriesche D. National Forest Planning and Sustained Yield of the Timber Resource. Long-Term Sustained-Yield Calculations for Forest Land and Resource Management Planning, 2011.

Thanks Mateus N I Sanquetta for referring informative articles

Many thanks for sharing your knowledge

Agree with Dr Jun Ishizawa.

The pillars of sustainability is Environmental, Social and Economics.

Forest is a natural ecosystem which certainly takes care of 'Environmental' pillar. So do the Tribes (Social) in caring the forests. But the third pillar "Economics" often push the consumers (we, the human beings) to over extract the natural ecosystems and finally damage it. For forest sustainability kindly use 'Volume tables' and take decisions for harvests.

Forest resources can be sustainable through replanting and conservation through effective laws

Thanks Suleiman Ladan for your valuable suggestion about the issue under consideration.