Pavement distress is basically an indication of unfavourable pavement performance or signs of failure.
It can be caused due to various reasons like loss of binding action, loss of bearing course materials, inadequate wearing course, or use of inferior materials.
Potholes are small bowl shaped depressions in the pavement surface that penetrate all the way through the asphalt layer down to the base course.
The possible causes for the formation of potholes are loss of surface course, moisture entry to base course through a cracked pavement surface, and load associated disintegration of base.
The probable treatment methods are patching, cut and patch and base reconstruction
Pavement distress particularly a road with asphalt concrete wearing course is coursed by heavy loading particularly at humps and bumps. It is manifested in form of rutting of road or excessive bleeding (too much asphalt on the top)