As well as the well-known effect of impulse noise on high frequencies which destroys hair cells, there is a less well understood effect on low tones, a temporary threshold shift, in fact a traumatic endolymphatic hydrops.
Noise induces loss of the hearing field. Immediate organic damage to the ear occurs due to excessive sound energy. It is restricted to the effects of a single exposure or relatively few exposures to very high levels of sound pressure.
Caused by: - Shock impacts of solids. - Impulses due to sudden expansion of gases. - Ailment by ototoxics. - It depends on the Lpeak, duration and spectrum.
The extremely intense noise can exceed the physiological limits producing the rupture of the eardrum, damage the chain of ossicles and destroy the hair cells. Exposure to high levels of noise causes physical damage to the filaments of the nerve endings of cells and breaks them.
It can cause Temporary Scrolling of the Hearing Threshold (all sounds are attenuated) or Permanent Scrolling of the Hearing Threshold (due to continued exposure).
Over time, repeated exposure to loud noise and music can cause hearing loss.
Sounds above 80 decibels (dB, a measurement of the loudness or strength of sound vibration) may cause vibrations intense enough to damage the inner ear. This is more likely to happen if the sound continues for a long time.
90 dB -- a large truck 5 yards (4.5 meters) away (motorcycles, snowmobiles, and similar engines range from 85 to 90 dB)
100 dB -- some rock concerts
120 dB -- a jackhammer about 3 feet (1 meter) away
130 dB -- a jet engine from 100 feet (30 meters) away