What is an anesthesia circle breathing system?

Indunil Karunarathna @Indunil-Karunarathna

11 April 2024 1 3K Report

An anesthesia circle breathing system is a complex setup used in medical procedures to deliver anesthetic gases to patients while they are under anesthesia. It's called a "circle" system because it utilizes a closed-loop configuration where the exhaled gases are recirculated rather than being released into the atmosphere.

Indunil Karunarathna

The basic components of an anesthesia circle breathing system typically include:

Breathing Circuit: This is the pathway through which the anesthetic gases travel from the anesthesia machine to the patient and back. It usually consists of tubing, connectors, and a breathing mask or endotracheal tube that delivers the gases to the patient.

Vaporizers: These are devices that vaporize liquid anesthetic agents, such as isoflurane or sevoflurane, and mix them with oxygen or air to create the desired concentration for anesthesia. The vaporized anesthetic is then delivered to the patient via the breathing circuit.

CO2 Absorbent Canister: Since the patient exhales carbon dioxide (CO2) during anesthesia, a CO2 absorbent canister is used to remove CO2 from the exhaled gases before they are recirculated back to the patient. This prevents the buildup of CO2 in the breathing circuit, which could be harmful to the patient.

Scavenging System: This component is responsible for removing excess anesthetic gases that are not inhaled by the patient. It helps prevent exposure of healthcare providers and other individuals in the operating room to these gases.

Valves and Filters: Various valves are incorporated into the system to control the direction of gas flow and ensure proper ventilation. Filters may also be used to remove particulate matter or impurities from the gases.

The anesthesia circle breathing system offers several advantages, including the conservation of anesthetic gases, precise control over gas concentrations, and reduced environmental impact compared to older, open systems. It's a critical component of modern anesthesia delivery in surgical and medical settings.

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