It is not easy to answer precisely.

Groundwater may vary in composition from one well to another as a result of the respective groundwaters being in contact with different aquifer materials, or having been in contact with the aquifer minerals for significantly different periods of time. Seasonal variations in the composition of groundwater from a single well generally results in a change in the chemical state of groundwater, i.e., temperature, pH and redox potential. These parameters influence the amount and character of the dissolved constituents and therefore may produce changes in the taste, odor, appearance, etc. Possible causes of changes in the chemical state include different water levels and annual recharge events.

The major dissolved components of groundwaters include the anions bicarbonate, chloride and sulphate, and the cations sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium. These constituents are typically present at concentrations in the range of a few mg/L to several hundred mg/L. The normal range for pH is 6 to 8.5 for groundwater systems.

Regards

Yes, I totally agree with Dr. Bachir. First of all I do not know what you meant by TYPICAL groundwater. As Dr. Bachir has explained the groundwater character depends on many factors such as type of rock, rock chemistry, recharge source, recharge water quantity & quality, external factors such as nearness to sea coast, man-made pollution, industrial & agricultural pollution, etc. The groundwater character, in terms of quantity & quality, may change even between shallow aquifer and deeper aquifer. Hence it is both region specific and depth specific.

Agree with Dr. Bachir Achour.

However i hope the WHO report will be very helpful in understanding your quarry better.

Factors that control the dissolved minerals in groundwater include:

(1) the types of minerals that make up the aquifer.

Different rocks, e.g., sandstone, limestone and basalt all have different minerals and therefore, groundwater in contact with these materials will have different compositions.

(2) the length of time that the water is in contact with the minerals.

The longer the groundwater is in contact with the minerals, the greater the extent of its reaction with those minerals and the higher will be the content of dissolved minerals.

(3) the chemical state of the groundwater.

The chemical state of groundwater is usually defined in terms of pH, temperature and oxidation-reduction potential. These parameters control and are influenced by chemical reactions. As temperatures change seasonally, as the water table rises and falls, or as recharge rates vary, the chemical state will change and, as a result, so will the composition of groundwater.

Reference:

Article Natural Variations in the Composition of Groundwater

https://www.marlborough.govt.nz/repository/libraries/id:1w1mps0ir17q9sgxanf9/hierarchy/Documents/Environment/Groundwater/Groundwaters%20of%20Marlborough%20List/L%20Chapter11.pdf

Cher Amir,

I attached an interesting paper on groundwater in my last post, but the operation failed. Here is the link where you can download it.

https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/resourcesquality/wqachapter9.pdf?ua=1

Regards

Well,

All of the above answers are correct and can be formulated with the attached tri-linear plot model which indicates the origin of the groundwater.

Regards

Dear Amir,

All you need to start is the fiollowing:

John D. Hem. 1989 (last printing). Study and Interpretation of the Chemical Characteristics of Natural Water. Third Edition. U.S Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2254.

It is old, but it is very good and it still applies. It is free and available for download from the USGS website.

Dear Dr.Amir, you can consult the following link. //pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1006/667a49c78e3944ba4f55ac6637391c349d04.pdf

Good reading

Best regards

Ground water composition is a variable parameter it depend upon geological formations and various factors.