I am interested to know the various possibilities and job opportunities in geology that are outside academia. Which fields of geology are relevant in finding jobs outside Academia?
Are you a member of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists? If not, I strongly encourage you to join. Student membership is only $10 per year. Their newsletter, The Explorer, has information every month about alternatives to careers in oil and gas. There is an emphasis on the role of geologic careers in bringing the world through the energy transition to net zero. Another good source of career information is the US Geological Survey Publication Warehouse (https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/). Pick some keywords that describe your interests like hydrogeology and do a search. The reports will show you the kind of work being done by geoscientists at USGS. Other governmental agencies in many countries do similar kinds of work so do some research on places you would like to live. Good luck!
Graduates from our program, with a B.S. degree, have been quite successful in finding positions with mining companies, environmental companies, engineering firms, and state/federal agencies, particularly in the hydrological realm. Quite a number have been hired by a variety of professions for their GIS skills. A few have used the degree as a springboard to law and medical school. Of course, many continue to a Master's degree and then to the petroleum industry. Geology is a degree that not only prepares one to describe and interpret rock bodies but also develops a skillset applicable to many unrelated fields.
Geology is an intellectually stimulating field. As a result, outside of the classroom, one can use the knowledge and expertise acquired in various fields. I'll advise you to identify your top interests among all the subdisciplines of geology because there are job opportunities in both the academic world and related industries. It is therefore all-encompassing, but the most crucial thing is for geologists to undergo a paradigm shift in how we conduct our business and to prioritize societal wellbeing over all other goals, as this is directly related to our job functions.
You can work as a petroleum geologist with the oil and gas industry, mining companies, environmental geologist In environmental agencies, engineering Geology with construction companies and a lot more. I encourage you to join AAPG, SPE or EAGE so you can get acquainted with the latest happening.
If you are using cellphones and computers, these gadgets need the so-called rare earth metals to function. Without them, no such gadgets!
The most exciting field in geology is to look for resources, such as metals.
This work will help you put the theory into practise. After you spend many years in the filed and have learned a lot, it may be time to pass your knowledge to others by teaching in college or university.
Basically this is what I did and enjoyed both parts of my career (exploration and academia).