Dear Nihan,

[Hierarchical] graphical models, machine learning, finite element methods and signal[/data] processing[/analysis] are gradually merging, jointly leading to better understanding and modeling of the world. The theoretical challenge is the continuous integration of increasing dimensions (multivariate data) in the processes while mastering/reducing the computational costs.

Metrology 4.0 (in terms of data analysis tools) is a topic related to Industry 4.0.

Regards

I think that one of the most important (and challenging) aspects is security in these systems. Greetings.

One of the challenges of industry 4.0 and that I studied is the influence on the teaching-learning process in engineering courses.

In a universe of epistemological causation, whoever is in the Industry has to "reinvent" himself, and whoever enters, has to fit the new industrial model.

João Lucas.

As a concrete illustration of Industry 4.0 dependence relatively to Metrology 4.0, here is a link to a research project about 3D data analysis to achieve industrial in-process monitoring and control: https://www.researchgate.net/project/Analysis-of-3D-Point-Cloud-Data-towards-Surface-Metrology-and-Machine-Control-of-Laser-Powder-Bed-Fusion-Additive-Manufacturing-L-PBF-AM

In addition, a related paper by Senin et al., " Information-rich surface metrology ", 2018 - Article Information-rich surface metrology

Information based manufacturing technology. The production efficiency will be improved through man-machine interaction and large data analysis.

The technological revolution Industry 4.0 is currently one of the major determinants of the economic development of highly developed and developing countries.

Apparently, we are now living in the era of the fourth technological revolution, known as Industry 4.0.

The previous three technological revolutions:

1. The industrial revolution of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, determined mainly by the industrial application of the invention of a steam engine.

2. Electricity era of the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century.

3. The IT revolution of the second half of the twentieth century determined by computerization, the widespread use of the Internet and the beginning of the development of robotization.

The current fourth technological revelation, known as Industry 4.0, is motivated by the development of the following factors:

- artificial intelligence,

- cloud computing,

- machine learning,

- Big Data database technologies,

- Internet of Things.

On the basis of the development of these IT instruments and technologies, business analytics of companies such as Business Intelligence and the above-mentioned areas have been dynamically developing in recent years.

On the basis of the development of the new technological solutions mentioned in recent years, the processes of innovatively organized analyzes of large collections of information collected in Big Data database systems dynamically develop.

What other technological improvements, innovative organizational, technical and IT solutions will be developed in the future based on the development of the above-mentioned factors?

What kinds of innovations will be able to be created in the coming years, in the future based on the integration of the above-mentioned main determinants of the development of the current technological revolution known as Industry 4.0?

What kind of new categories of added value may be created in the future if the above-mentioned technological solutions are more involved in the creation of biotechnological, ecological, product and other innovations.

Will new technologies be created in this way, with the help of which it will be possible to generate solutions to the problems of excessive exploitation of Earth resources in the process of civilization development?

Perhaps new innovative technologies for renewable energy sources and the creation of biodegradable substitutes for many non-degradable materials, e.g. plastics, besides the development of biotechnology and energy innovations, etc. will allow major global problems to be solved.

The development of human civilization in the next few decades should give answers to the above questions.