What causes the winds to curve as air travels from warm areas to cold areas and western coast of India receive very high rainfall in summer mainly?
My physics is a bit rusty, but I suggest you get a good climate text book to answer your question. The reason for the weather patterns spinning is that same as the reason why water spins when it goes down the drain. It is all to do with the coriolis effect of the motion on the surface of a spinning object, in this case, the earth. As for western India’s rainy season, that is all do to with seasonal weather changes. As the earth either heats up in the summer or cools off in the winter, the temperature differences set up weather patterns that can shift weather air masses toward or away from a given land mass. You really need to check out a book on climate from your library to get a detailed answer to your question.
But because the Earth rotates, circulating air is deflected. Instead of circulating in a straight pattern, the air deflects toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere, resulting in curved paths. This deflection is called the Coriolis effect. During the day, air above land heats up faster than air above water. Warm air above land expands and rises, and heavier, cooler air rushes in to take its place, creating wind. At night, the winds are reversed because air cools more rapidly over land than it does over water.The Coriolis Effect, an offshoot of the Earth's rotation, makes moving air masses curve, so that the winds converging on the Equator come from the northeast in the Northern Hemisphere and the southeast in the Southern Hemisphere. These winds are called the trade winds. Rising air expands and cools (adiabatic cooling: that is, it cools due to change in volume as opposed to adding or taking away of heat). The result is condensation/precipitation. Cold air sinks and sinking air compresses and heats. Air rises at the equator and sinks at the poles, creating a single convection cell in each hemisphere. The prevailing winds moving over the Earth's surface blow from the poles towards the equator in both hemispheres. Convection works by areas of a liquid or gas heating or cooling greater than their surroundings, causing differences in temperature. These temperature differences then cause the areas to move as the hotter, less dense areas rise, and the cooler, denser areas sink. The western coast of India receives very high rainfall in summer mainly due to the Western Ghats. Due to the greater width of the mountains, the rain-bearing winds have to necessarily travel a longer distance and have more time for the drops to coalesce and precipitate as rainfall, resulting in higher rainfall. The western coastal plain lies on the windward side of the south west monsoon winds thus bringing orographic rainfall to it. Winds from the Arabian Sea ascend from 900 to 1200 m up the slopes of the Western Ghats. They soon become cool and as a result, very heavy rainfall ranging from 250 cm to 400 cm occurs on the windward side of the Western Ghats. Monsoon winds from the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea are responsible for monsoons in India. It is also known as Southwest Monsoon winds. These winds are responsible for the majority of rainfall in the country.
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