What methods can be named to measure the temperature of a surface considering below assumptions and limitations, except for Thermography?

- Measurement of only one or a few spots is enough, and there is no necessity to measure the entire surface and display a thermal map as same as the Thermography technique.

- The methods should not be related to infrared techniques and radiation emitted from the surface.

- Without any contact and with a normal distance for inspection (NDT or SHM) like 0.5 m.

If there is no method with considering the final limitation (non-contact), this restriction can be ignored.

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