What are the technologies for binding CO2 to rock in order to decarbonise the burning of fossil fuels, reduce the greenhouse effect on the planet's atmosphere, slow down the progressive process of global warming and reduce the scale of a future global climate catastrophe?
CO2 is a key greenhouse gas that is produced in various types of combustion processes of carbon-based organic compounds. In order to reduce the scale of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere and counteract the progressive process of global warming, it is necessary, among other things, to replace dirty energy based on the combustion of fossil fuels with clean, renewable and emission-free energy. In the process of greening the economy and decarbonising economic processes, it is important to reduce emissions to the atmosphere as quickly as possible, particularly of the highly greenhouse gas methane. Methane is produced in various processes, mainly by civilisation and, to a lesser extent, by natural processes in nature. An important pro-climatic solution would be not to emit CO2 into the atmosphere, but to bind it to a particular rock form or to inject it deep into the earth's crust in rock layers that will absorb and bind it chemically.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
What are the technologies to bind CO2 into rock formations in order to eliminate the emissivity of fossil fuel combustion processes, reduce the scale of the greenhouse effect of the planet's atmosphere, slow down the progressive process of global warming and reduce the scale of future global climate catastrophe?
What is your opinion on this subject?
Please respond,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
If C60 Spherical carbon attotropes assembled in pentagon & hexagon geometry, so such technique deviates towards this idea can be.
Where pentagon & hexagon will bind through covalent bond to rock.
Thank you
Nishant Sahdev
New Delhi, India.
There are various technologies for binding CO2 to rock, which are part of the CCS process. Here are some examples:
Mineral carbonation: This involves reacting CO2 with naturally occurring minerals, such as magnesium or calcium silicates, to form stable carbonate minerals. This can occur naturally over geological timescales, but researchers are investigating ways to accelerate the process through technology.
Enhanced weathering: This is similar to mineral carbonation, but involves grinding up rocks and spreading them over land to accelerate the reaction between CO2 and minerals. This can also have other environmental benefits, such as improving soil quality.
Injection into deep saline aquifers: This involves injecting CO2 into deep underground saline aquifers, which are layers of rock that contain salty water. The CO2 dissolves in the water and can remain trapped underground for long periods of time.
Injection into depleted oil and gas reservoirs: This involves injecting CO2 into depleted oil and gas reservoirs, which can enhance the recovery of remaining fossil fuels and also store the CO2 underground.
Injection into unminable coal seams: Similar to injection into depleted oil and gas reservoirs, this involves injecting CO2 into unminable coal seams to enhance the recovery of coal bed methane and store CO2 underground.
One technology for binding carbon dioxide (CO2) to rock to eliminate the carbon intensity of fossil fuel combustion processes is known as Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS). CCUS works by capturing CO2 from large point sources such as power plants and industrial facilities before it is released into the atmosphere. The captured CO2 is then transported and stored in deep underground geological formations or used for other purposes such as enhanced oil recovery.
Another technology that can be used to reduce the carbon intensity of fossil fuel combustion processes is Direct Air Capture (DAC). DAC works by using a liquid solvent to absorb CO2 from the air, which is then stored or used for other purposes. This process has been successfully demonstrated on a scalable level by General Electric Research.
Finally, another technology that can be used to reduce the carbon intensity of fossil fuel combustion processes is Enhanced Weathering. Enhanced Weathering involves spreading crushed silicate rocks on land surfaces where they react with atmospheric CO2, forming bicarbonate ions which are then washed away by rainwater into rivers and oceans. This process has been shown to have potential in reducing atmospheric CO2 levels.
Overall, there are several technologies available for binding CO2 to rock to eliminate the carbon intensity of fossil fuel combustion processes. These technologies include Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS), Direct Air Capture (DAC) and Enhanced Weathering.
Sources:
- https://www.iea.org/fuels-and-technologies/carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage
- https://www.ge.com/research/newsroom/ge-successfully-demonstrates-scalable-direct-air-capture-system-co2-removal
- https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/climate-change/climate-crisis-carbon-capture
Primarily through injection into subsurface formations where the CO2 either chemically reacts to form a new mineral, adsorption onto organic material and clays, resibual, structural, or stratigraphic trapping of disolved or free-phase CO2.
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