1. adhesins can be collected by heat treatment or shear force like we do for F4 and F18 fimbriae.
2. Toxins and secreted antigens can be collected from the supernatant. If the toxin binds a receptor, this characteristic can be used to affinity purify the toxin.
3. lysing the bacteria can be another method to obtain a mixture of antigens or when you have antigen-specific antibodies, to affinity purify an antigen.
4. If you need the bacteria as a whole, you can formalin treat a bacterial suspension
Book chapter: Pathogenic Escherichia coli Molecular and Cellular Microbiology. Edited by Stefano Morabito, EU Reference Laboratory for E. coli Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome Italy, Caister Academic Press, 2014