Dear Selvakumar,

Please read the following text:

For centuries mankind was wondering at the instability of earth materials, especially expansive soil. One day they are dry and hard, and the next day wet and soft. Swelling soil always create problem for lightly loaded structure, by consolidating under load and by changing volumetrically along with seasonal moisture variation. As a result the superstructures usually counter excessive settlement and differential movements, resulting in damage to foundation systems, structural elements and architectural features. In a significant number of cases the structure becomes unstable or uninhabitable. Even when efforts are made to improve swelling soil, the lack of appropriate technology sometimes results volumetric change that are responsible for billion dollars damage each year. It is due to this that the present

work is taken up. The purpose was to check the scope of improving bearing capacity value and reduce expansiveness by adding additives. There are many methods of stabilizing soil to gain required engineering specifications. These methods range from mechanical to chemical stabilization. Most of these methods

are relatively expensive to be implemented by slowly developing nations and the best way is to use locally available materials with relatively cheap costs affordable by their internal funds. In many centuries, coal is the primary fuel in thermal

power plant and other industry. The fine residue from these plants which is collected in a field is known as fly ash and considered as a waste material. The fly ash is disposed of either in the dry form or mixed with water and discharged in

slurry into locations called ash ponds. The quantity of fly ash produced worldwide is huge and keeps increasing every day. Four countries, namely, China, India, United State and Poland alone produce more than 270 million tons of fly ash every year. This work has been done to see the effect on swelling aspect and on strength of some swelling soil by adding fly ash & lime in different proportion into it as

additive. Soil stabilization improves the engineering properties of soil such as strength, volume stability and durability. The percentage addition of fine, coarse fly ash improves the strength of stabilized black cotton soil and exhibit relatively

well-defined moisture-density relationship. It was found that the peak strength attained by fine fly ash mixture was 25% more when compared to coarse fly ash.

The addition of lime and class C fly ash to highly plastic clay also showed a reduction in shrinkage with increasing additive percentages. However, the addition of lime arrested the shrinkage at almost twice the rate of class C fly ash. The

shrinkage arrest was not linear but occurred more readily with small amounts of additive and the rate of shrinkage arrest slowed as the amount of additive increased It is seen that the thickness of pavement decreases by 66% as the CBR value goes on increasing. The improved CBR value is due to addition of Lime and Fly ash as admixtures to the BC soil. It also reduces the hydraulic conductivity of BC

soil. There will be no need of drainage layer after treatment of BC soil as sub grade with lime and fly ash. In combination, the admixtures are beneficial for lower plasticity and higher silt content soils. In terms of material cost, the use of less

costly fly ash can reduce the required amount of lime.

The following papers present the results of the Experimental study on expansive soil by stabilizing it with fly ash and lime:

Stabilization of Expansive Soils Using Low Cost Materials

http://www.ijeit.com/vol%202/Issue%2011/IJEIT1412201305_36.pdf

Stabilization of Expansive Soil

http://www.ijeit.com/Vol%205/Issue%2012/IJEIT1412201606_13.pdf

STABILIZATION OF EXPANSIVE SOIL USING ALKALI ACTIVATED FLY ASH

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272002427_STABILIZATION_OF_EXPANSIVE_SOIL_USING_ALKALI_ACTIVATED_FLY_ASH

In addition to the above mentioned article, the following link contains a review article entitled "SOIL STABILIZATION METHODS AND MATERIALS " which describes in detail all used materials and methods for soil stabilization:

https://pure.ltu.se/portal/files/42050076/Soil_stabilization_methods_and_materials.pdf

Hoping this will be helpful,

Rafik

Conference Paper STABILIZATION OF EXPANSIVE SOIL USING ALKALI ACTIVATED FLY ASH

Thanks rafik for your valuable information

You may also use glass fiber, coir geotexitle, as material. As a new technology you can  use granular pile it improve strength and reduce swelling& swelling pressure.                      All the best

Thanks for your valuable comments and wishes @ kundan

Stabilization method used depends on the type of structure erected in or on the considered soil. The type of cla minerals also play a big role in methods of stabilization. Depth of expansive soil also has its effect. Nevertheless in Internet you may find a lot of materials for this problem. Care should be considered in choosing the suitable one.

Dear Selvakumar,

I got recently interested in the use of scrap tire rubber as a stabilizing material for expansive clays. It works very well and is cheap. To reduce the increased compressibility of the mixture some researchers use an additive of fly ash. Check e.g. the publications of Prof. Carraro and his group from the Colorado State University: 

Wiechert, E. P., and Carraro, J. A. H. (2011). Beneficial Use of Off-Specification Fly Ashes to Increase the Shear Strength and Stiffness of Expansive Soil-Rubber (ESR) Mixtures. Report MPC11-235. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.

Carraro A., Budagher E., Badanagki M., Kang J.B. (2013) Sustainable Stabilization of Sulfate-Bearing Soil with Expansive Soil-Rubber Technology. Technical Report No.CDOT-2013-2, March 2013

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.2065.2246

Dear Selvakumar S, 

I'd like to thank all colleagues for sharing such a great information. Kindly have a look at the link enclosed below for stabilizing expansive soil using by-products: 

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251527654_Stabilization_of_expansive_soils_for_use_in_construction

Regards, 

Article Stabilization of expansive soils for use in construction

In my country, wood ash is generated in large quantity, but these wood ash on their own can only reduce the plasticity index of expansive soils temporally hence increasing its workability, but does not have a significant improvement in the strength of the stabilized soil for pavement construction purposes. But on improving the wood ash with small quantity of calcium oxide, it proved a good stabilizing material for expansive soil. I Published this work in the international journal of geotechnical engineering under Taylor and Francis publishers, and a copy of it can be downloaded from my page here in research gate. Hope the information will help you.

Thanks Emeh..

There is lot of research going on in the area of expansive soil stabilization. If you are looking for cheap materials, the reuse of solid wastes in soil stabilization is a good option. I will give you a list of wastes that can be used, though not exhaustive. Phosphogypsum, Sewage sludge ash, Silica fumes, Bagasse ash, Ground nut shell ash, Marble dust, Rice husk ash, Rice straw ash, Locust bean waste ash, Egg shell ash, Cement kiln dust, Sawdust ash, Waste paper sludge ash, Incineration ash, Limestone dust, Cement bypass dust, Wood ash, Bottom ash, Calcined paper sludge, Palm oil fuel ash, Lime sludge, Demolition waste, Quarry dust, Coconut shell ash, Calcium carbide waste, Lime kiln dust, Steel slag, Whitewash mud, Copper slag, Blast furnace slag, Red mud, Filter press mud, Vitrified time sludge, Vitrified polish waste and of course coal combustion products to name a few...

You can have a look at these papers as well...

Article Utilization of Solid Waste for Soil Stabilization: A Review

Article A review of literature on stabilization of expansive soil us...

Article Industrial Wastes as Auxiliary Additives to Cement/Lime Stab...

Article Soil Stabilization as an Avenue for Reuse of Solid Wastes: A Review

 thanks james..

Hello Selvakumar S

Why don't you try RBI 81 or Plastic waste fibers with Lime for stabilization

rice husk ash is new material, it is very cheap and friendly envirometally

Even though your question is 1 year old, I still thought of adding more into about new materials available for stabilization .

BIO-ENZYMES

Bio-Enzyme is a natural, non-toxic, non-flammable, non-corrosive liquid enzyme formulation fermented from vegetable extracts that improves the engineering properties of soil, facilitates higher soil compaction and increases strength. Enzymes catalyze the reactions between the clay and the organic cat-ions and accelerate the cat-ionic exchange process to reduce absorbed layer thickness. For other types of chemical stabilization, chemicals are mixed with soil, which is difficult to mix thoroughly, but Bio-Enzyme is easy to use as it can be mixed with water at optimum moisture content and then it is sprayed over soil and compacted. Bio-Enzyme from Australia is a natural, non-toxic bio-degradable liquid concentrate that mixes easily in water for application with standard water spraying equipment.

Synthetic Polymers and Biopolymers

New applications for controlling wind and water erosion using polyacrylamide copolymers are described that take advantage of their ability to stabilize and add structure to soil.

https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%290899-1561%282007%2919%3A1%2858%29

Fiber Reinforcement Soil stabilization

Article Fiber-Reinforced Soil

Coconut Coir Fibre

Abstract— Use of Coconut coir Fibre for improving soil property is advantageous because they are cheap, locally available and eco-friendly. In this study, the stabilizing effect of Coconut coir Fibre (Natural Fibre) on soil properties has been Experimental studied. Keeping this in view an experimental study is conducted on locally available i.e. expensive soil mixed with varying percentage of Coconut coir fibre. Soil samples for California bearing ratio (CBR) tests are prepared at its maximum dry density (MDD) corresponding to its optimum moisture content (OMC) in the CBR mould without and with Coconut coir fibre. The percentage of Coconut coir fibre by dry weight of soil is taken as 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1% and corresponding to each Coconut coir fibre content un-soaked and soaked CBR tests are conducted in the laboratory. Tests result indicates that both unsoaked and soaked CBR value of soil increases with the increase in Coconut coir fibre content. Soaked CBR value increases from 3.9 % to 8.6 % and un-soaked CBR value increases from 8.1 % to 13.2 % of soil mixed with 1% Coconut coir fibre. Adding of coconut coir fibre results in less thickness of pavement due to increase in CBR of mix and reduce the cost of construction and hence economy of the construction of highway will be achieved. This is because of composite effect of Coconut coir fibre (Natural Fibre) changes the brittle behaviour of the soil to ductile behaviour.

https://www.ijraset.com/fileserve.php?FID=3321

Rice Husk Ash

Article Influence of using rice husk ash in soil stabilization metho...

Nano Materials

https://www.ijraset.com/fileserve.php?FID=4043

Jute Fibers

Article Effect of jute fibres on engineering properties of lime trea...

Bamboo Leaf Ash

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.439.5934&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Banana Leaves Ash

Article GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF LATERITIC SOIL STABILIZED WITH TH...

ASHES OF OIL PALM FRONDS

http://www.civilengineeringjournal.cz/archive/issues/2016/2016_4/4-2016-0022.pdf

Sugar Cane Straw Ash

http://ojs.excelingtech.co.uk/index.php/IJSET/article/view/492

Agricultural Waste

http://ijirt.org/master/publishedpaper/IJIRT143674_PAPER.pdf

Wheat Husk Ash (WHA)

WHA has a good pozzolanic property. It is used for variouspurposes. It is the staple food produced in large quantity forliving and non-living beings. It has high calorific value ofabout 3.5 kcal/g. Its by-product is often found in the fieldsbecause waste is burned by the farmers after extractinggrains. In this research, the effect of WHA on the soil isstudied. Wheat husk is taken from the agriculture fields andburned at 600°C to convert into fine ash.This ash has highestamount of silica which helps in fertility of soil. Wheat huskash, basically a waste material, is produced by burningcrops waste while processing wheat from paddy. About 20–22% wheat husk is generated from paddy and about 25% ofthis total husk become ash when burn. It is non– plastic innature. Its properties also varied depending on its burning temperature

Industrial Waste

STABILIZATION OF LATERITES WITH INDUSTRIAL WASTES: A RECENT AND COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Groundnut Husk Ash (GHA)

Article A Study on Groundnut Husk Ash (GHA)–Concrete under Acid Attack

Sawdust

http://www.civilengineeringjournal.cz/archive/issues/2017/2017_1/1-2017-0007.pdf

Utilization of a New by-Product Material for Soft Subgrade Soil Stabilization

Article Utilization of a New by-Product Material for Soft Subgrade S...